Japan Population Growth Declining Birth Rate and the Problems

a) Study a country on how and why its population has aged rapidly during the last 40 or 50 years, and analyze its consequences. Japan’s graying population: The reasons behind it, steps taken to curb it and the implications of an aging society Introduction Japan has seen rapid development from the times of Meiji Restoration (1868) up till today. In fact, it has grown more rapidly than any other countries from 1870 to 1994 (Nafziger,1995) because of the various economic policies its government had undertaken after the war ended. Thus, as a result of this economic growth, standard of living has gone up and along with technological advancements, Japan enjoys one of the highest life expectancy compared to any other countries in the world†¦show more content†¦Another reason is the economic recession. The economy was bad for Japan throughout the 1990s. The unemployment rate rose sharply from 2% in 1990 to 5% in 2003(Suzuki, 2006). Youth was not given an opportunity to work and those who did obtain a stable job decreased from 77.8% in 1988 to 55.8% in 2004 and that those who obtained no job or a temporary job went up from 9.4% to 24.6% during the same period. The proportion proceeding to higher education increased from 6.5% to 11.8% meaning that starting a family will be delayed. . Suzuki also mentioned that the low income of young men relative to their fathers discouraged marriage. Previously, the income of men in their 30s were more than that of their fathers and motivated women to marry them. Current trends, however, indicated that the relative income of young men to old men has declined substantially and young men are less appealing as marriage partners than before. Problems with an aging society One of the issues with an ageing society is that the dependency ratio of the country will increase. Dependency ratio refers to the number of persons under age 15 plus persons aged 65 or older per one hundred persons 15 to 64. It is the sum of the youth dependency ratio and the old-age dependency ratio. This means that as the society ages, more young people are taskedShow MoreRelatedJapan And Australia On Population Aging1384 Words   |  6 PagesResponses of Japan and Australia on Population Aging As time goes on, more and more countries come into population aging period. Population aging means the ratio of 65 years or above is over 7%, or the ratio of 60 years old or above is over 10%. Japan has the most serious aging problem in the world, and as predicted, after several decades there will be no Japanese populations without taking response measures. Australia also faces with the population aging problem duringRead MoreThe Decline of Japans Birth Rate872 Words   |  4 Pages Japan needs to have more babies. The population of Japan is declining, and the birth rate is a base problem. People just aren’t having enough babies anymore. This will be problematic, as Tomm says â€Å"The consequences have had negative effects as fertility rate continues to decline and life expectancy continues to increase†. After the birth rate has been declining for the past four decades, the old far outnumber the young at a ratio of nearly 2:1(â€Å"Japan Age structure†). There aren’t enough workersRead MoreChina Is Facing Following One Child Policy Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesProblems that China is facing following one child policy Introduction China, a big country in terms of economy and total population, has been experiencing a dramatic demographic transition since 1979 when one child policy was implemented. Due to the concern that population growth can pose a threat to China’s economic development not only in the short-term but over the long term as well, the Chinese government adopted the strict birth control program, which is the one child policy. Under the policyRead MoreThe Problem Of Population And Growth Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation and growth is a massive issue in the world today. It has held geographers’ interest for several years. There has been discussion and debate over the max amount of people that the world can sustain. Some geographers believe that the world is already overpopulated, while others believe that we are working toward a serious overpopulation problem in the future. One thing that everyone can agree on is some countries and regions, such as China, are vastly over popu lated, and other countriesRead MoreProbably The Greatest Ecological Problem Of Our Time Is1051 Words   |  5 Pagesecological problem of our time is the rapid growth of the human population. During most of the time humans have lived on Earth, its population has grown fairly steadily and slowly. For example, between the years 10 000 and 500 a. the global population passed from 5 million to 100 million. By the year 13000 of our era it reached 500 million, and by the beginning of the nineteenth century it had doubled to 1000 million. Since then there has been a real explosion of the human population, reaching moreRead MoreJap The Beautiful Landscape, Tradition, And Economy1201 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is going to happen to Japan Japan is well known for its beautiful landscape, tradition, and economy. Not just that but also their most popular food that almost everyone know when mention. Sushi, it is popular worldwide compare to other food that they have on their menu. For instance, people view Japan as a country that is full of blossom sakura trees or cherry trees and a very advanced country. But, however they lack the knowledge behind how the Japanese made it to how it has come toRead MoreThe Population Of Japan And Its Effects On The Present Leading Into The Future3978 Words   |  16 PagesAn investigation to the declining population in Japan and its effects in the present leading into the future Edwin Wu Social/ Cultural Anthropology Candidate number: 001092-0028 Word Count: 3692 Table of Contents Abstract- 3 Introduction- 4 Research Question Implications and Limitations Analysis -5 Demographic trend Eating Habits Economic and Labor Growth Suicide Celibacy Syndrome Women in the laborRead MoreTheory of Demographic Transition Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagescomponents of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nations economy and level of development is directly related to that nations birth and death rates. Population history can beRead MoreAnalyzing Countries Through Data Accumulations1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions on the behalf of the inhabitants and to understand the demographic situations of those areas. Population Pyramids are one of the several types of methods utilized to observe conditions in a clear, efficient fashion. These graphs provide accurate information for the purpose of predicting future is sues, making reasonable choices, and can express implications to birth rates, death rates, and other important ideas concerning the demographics. 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Development Of Open And Private Security - 1196 Words

This paper talks definitions for administration, security and risk and it would demonstrate the development of open and private security and how it advanced through the ages. It will demonstrate how inescapable the requirement for administration of security and risk has gotten to be to the general public. Industrialization as the move of the economy of a nearby or national territory from a reliance on agribusiness and the work of people and creatures to a reliance on assembling action and hardware. As urban communities kept on developing, crime did also. Notwithstanding finding and capturing lawbreakers, the early private security industry performed numerous different obligations now connected with government and state law authorization:†¦show more content†¦Rather than working when the prerequisites of agribusiness requested, they were working long shifts of set periods (frequently twelve hours) in the new production lines. Industrialization made a movement to headway that occurred in the mechanical age and its primary dangers were to the security guard with chain and locks with mutts and difficult work was exchanged by advanced equipment. This move is generally joined by monetary development which enabled an expansion the quantities of individuals living in towns and urban communities. Towns and urban communities started to extend and pulled in expanding quantities of poor and arranged individuals (Natural History of American History). Urbanization portrays as the increase in the quantities of individuals living in towns and urban areas. The procedure of urbanization is firmly connected to that of industrialization since it happens as individuals move from rustic territories to urban zones, that is, towns and urban communities. This populace development of towns and urban communities carried with it various social issues, for example, wrongdoing, mobs, destitution, and health issues brought about by co ngestion and absence of sanitation (Urbanization in America). Efforts to establish safety must be placed. This however brought on ghetto zones which became quickly the lodging for assembly line laborers. Unemployment and

Schools Drug Testings Free Essays

Drugs like marijuana have a major impact on our younger generation. Parents for Accountability (2003) states that, â€Å"most drug use begins in the pre-teen and teenage years, the year’s most crucial in the maturation process. † A student’s behavior, motivation, and accountability are all limited when using marijuana. We will write a custom essay sample on Schools Drug Testings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Principal Warner (2013) said â€Å"he believes the mandatory drug testing rule gives students a strong reason to refuse drugs. † These drug testing will encourage students to think twice before saying â€Å"yes† to the drug. I believe that random drug testings should be enforced in schools. School drug testing should be enforced because of the behavioral problems that come along with drug abuse. Marijuana causes different side effects, but most commonly are; laziness, hunger, poor memory, poor coordination, loss of control, poor social behavior, and learning dysfunctions. All of these side effects affect a person’s behavior. â€Å"I’m 16 years old, and I’ve been smoking every day for about 3-4 months. I can say that I am considerably less social (although this may not be weed related, many factors come into play on this one) and slightly more paranoid† (Knight, 2009). Knight was set apart from her social life because of the marijuana she had been smoking, now she’ll never know of the people could have become close with. Behavior plays an important role in learning environment because a student cannot function properly under the influence; students that are under the influence have the tendency to act different among peers, and in or out of certain situations, it affects their way of thinking. Narconon Drug Prevention Education (2013) states, students that smoke marijuana get lower grades and are less likely to graduate high school, due to the learning dysfunction they came across while smoking marijuana. Since the use of marijuana is proven to affect a student’s behavior, drug testings should be enforced in schools. Marijuana also affects a student’s motivation, which is another reason why drug testings should be enforced. â€Å"Smoking a lot of weed can really amplify your mood and emotions, including laziness† (Terence Tensen, 2011). Smoking marijuana causes students to become lazy; laziness affects a student in so many ways because it kills their drive to do anything. Students become less willing to do their homework, study, and participate in extra-curricular activities including; football, baseball, soccer, softball, basketball, dances, and any clubs available on their campus. Without participating in some type of extra-curriculum students have a harder time getting accepted into universities and even some community colleges. After being rejected numeral times people start to shut down, they tend to give up and things they once wanted at a certain time or place. When a student then has nothing else to aim for, because their motivation was lost, they turn to drugs. These drug testings are going to stop students from coming to school under the influence, which then is going to keep the student that are motivated to stay motivated and be the best that they can be, without the distractions of the ones who are not so motivated, and feel they have better things to do. A student’s accountability is affected when using drugs; this causes students to be less dependable. An undependable student is a student that is kind of pushed behind because they are untrustworthy. Nobody likes to be the person no one trusts, and drug use causes you to be that person. Drug Free America Foundation (2014) agrees that â€Å"Students who take leadership roles in the school community are role models and should be drug free. † These students that appear to be role models should live up to their appearances. Foundation of a drug free world (2013) states, â€Å"the drug, marijuana causes students to be less coordinated, shortens memory, laziness, unsociable, and has loss of control† everything people don’t see in a leader. You are supposed to be able to depend on a student leader, especially when that person is all you have to look up to. When you see that one person you admire, fall short, it literally breaks a person down, to prevent this from happening these drug tests are going to make sure the students don’t deal with the regret of disappointments. I believe that random drug testings should be enforced in schools. School districts should enforce random drugs to help students in the long run. We are losing students to drugs, and drugged students are leading others. If we enforce these random drug tests schools will have more control over their students. These tests are going to not only help the students but a school as a whole. More students will be in school, which makes the school money. Disciplinary actions won’t be as frequent, because student’s behavior will be more on point, and students will be getting the education they need to move on to higher their education once out of school, with less of a struggle. Peer pressured students, won’t feel the need to say â€Å"yes† because they’ll have a solid reason to say â€Å"no. † Drug testing offers no harm to the student, only gives them an opportunity to notice their wrong and get help. When someone recognizes a problem, they tend to acknowledge it more frequently. A mother posted on a blog that her 17 year old son had a problem, she stated â€Å"He tells us he is not addicted but acting the way he is only proves he is† Feelinghelpless, (2012). When a student becomes addicted to a drug they deny they have a problem. When drug testing will soon become frequently failed, a student will have no choice to admit to their wrongs and seek help. Another parent states â€Å"I may not be able to change his mind about drugs but I have the choice not to help him with those choices. I can’t do anything about all the drugs out there†¦ but I do have control over what happens in my home! † Strgazr (2012). It’s proven that a child is raised on the raising of his or hers household. When parents lay down the rules, children will listen; they need structure so they don’t tumble. We cannot blame schools alone for the drug testings because if every child was raised to obey by the rules, drug testings wouldn’t be so necessary. Discipline is â€Å"teaching a child to behave in an agreeable way, allowing a child the freedom to learn from his mistakes and experience the consequences of his decisions, effective discipline is helping, teaching, and learning† Valya, T. (2009). Discipline is exactly what these drug testings are, they teach, help, and enforce a rule that needs to be obeyed. I believe drug testings should be enforced in schools. How to cite Schools Drug Testings, Papers

Healthcare American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Question: Discuss about theHealthcare for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the effect of the meaningful use on public health organizations. Meaningful use is one of the major issues faced by the healthcare executives. It has resulted from the HITECH ACT components of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Wright et al., 2013). It is anticipated that using the health information technology in meaningful manner will transform and improve the patient care. Different states are receiving funds and assistance for selecting qualified EHR products that comply with the requirements set by the federal Medicare and Medicaid for Meaningful Use (MU) (Chin Sakuda, 2012). The paper discusses the background of MU and the summary of the requirements of MU. It further discusses the effects of the meeting and not meeting the MU requirements on the healthcare organizations. The paper highlights the issues faced by the healthcare organizations and their possible resolutions. It further discusses the reason behind not meeting the MU requiremen ts. Background of MU There is an increasing number of deaths in the United States due to medical errors than breast cancer, motor vehicular accidents and AIDS combined. These preventable errors are mainly due to miscommunication. This demanded better communication and more accountable care for addressing the need of improved clinical care management. There is a high momentum created for capturing data for the purpose of care continuity and define measures for monitoring care quality and cost (Henricks, 2011). In 2004, the "Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) was created for suporting the US health care system. In 2009, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act mandated ONC to improve healthcare by adopting "health information technology" (HIT) and for a development of health information exchange (HIE) nationwide (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). The later is the HIT component of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). ARRA received 17.2 billion dollars for development of HIE and Electronic Health Records (EHR) use (Wilson, 2012). The goal of HITECH Act is to promote the meaningful use of health information technology and qualified EHRs. Technical assistance is provided to small practices to adopt HIE system such as EHR and meet its requirements for Meaningful Use and to become eligible for financial incentives. The HITECH Act envisions to provide each patient with optimal care. Therefore, the MU of the electronic patient data and the development of the health information exchange nationwide, in the near future, is sure to reduce the health care costs, improve health outcomes, increase staff, patient, and provider's health care experience (Wilson, 2012). Summary of the Requirements of MU In 2010, the ONC in the Department of Health and Human Services published a Final Rule entitled HIT that contains the set of Standards, Specifications for implementations, and certification criteria for EHR technology (Wilson, 2012). The term Meaningful Use has no simple definition. The three requirements of MU specified by HITECH Act (Chin Sakuda, 2012) includes- Using the certified electronic tools such EHR in a meaningful manner for instance e-prescribing Using the HIE system or technology in a way that assists in exchange of health information electronically to improve the care quality Using a certified EHR technology for submitting clinical quality measuresdetermined by the HHS Secretary MU has a set of objectives laid specifically for eligible hospitals and care providers. For example, the core set of objectives for eligible professionals is to electronically generate and transmit patient prescriptions There are three stages (Chin Sakuda, 2012) to meet the definition of MU which are identified by the government- To capture the data electronically Expand stage 1, report the health information, track the clinical conditions (this stage is challenging for most healthcare organizations) Improvement in the care quality and safety as well as the efficiency, performance and health outcomes The Effects of Meeting / not Meeting the MU Requirements The Health information technology such as the EHR System functions to incorporate the patient history, patient problem list, demographics, physician clinical notes,computerized orders for prescriptions, comprehensive list of patient's health complications and medications and electronic view of laboratory and imaging results (Henricks, 2011). Therefore, the benefits of meeting MU requirements of EHR includes expanded access to affordable care, reduced paperwork for physicians and patients, improved quality of health care, decreased health care costs, prevention of preventable medical errors, higher involvement of the patients and families in management of their own health care, and increased administrative efficiencies (Carter, 2015). The health information technology assists in improving the practice communications. It increases the speed of clinical decision making as electronic, and non-electronic tools help in improved access to patient information and quick identification of pati ent with specific clinical condition (Goetz et al., 2012). Hence, greater focus can be laid on the high-priority clinical conditions accessing the comprehensive data. Thus, the MU is not merely focused on the HIT, but on improving and transforming the health care by using it in a meaningful manner. The healthcare organizations that have demonstrated or are meeting the requirements of MU are eligible for gaining financial incentives through Medicaidor Medicare. Professionals, who have participated in the year 2012, were eligible for receiving high incentives and rewards (Henricks, 2011). According to Chin and Sakuda (2012), those failed to demonstrate MU and non-adopters of MU even after the year 2015 and later will have a payment adjustment to their Medicare reimbursement. The payment is initially reduced by 1% and is increased by 1% per year that the health care professionals eligible for Medicare do not demonstrate MU to a maximum of 5% (Pipersburgh, 2011). However, there are no penalties imposed on the eligible adopters who opted the Medicaid method (Marcotte et al., 2012). It means that there is no payment adjustment to their Medicaid reimbursement is they have qualified but chooses not to adopt MU. On the other hand, if an eligible professional implement the certified EHR and upgrades it in the first year, then they may not have to demonstrate MU for receiving the first years payment (Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS, 2010). Issues Faced by the Healthcare Organizations Despite being aware of the positive effects of MU, various health care organizations fail to apply for MU incentives. Goetz et al., (2012) and Chin and Sakuda, (2012) summarised the issues faced by the healthcare organisations as lack of financial investments for implementing EHRs, high level of efforts required to redesign the workflow, lack of time required for initial physician and staff training, and burden of recruiting new staff for HIT support. These issues are a matter of grave concern, particularly in rural areas. Inefficiency to handle the database of information created by EHR and provision of highly accurate data for laboratories is another major challenge (Wright et al., 2013). Chin and Sakuda, (2012) suggested a strategy for adopting HIT and meeting the MU requirements. For example, a hospital with no EHR can focus on the following- Perform a financial assessment and calculate the return on investment. Select staff for creating EHR team Perform a readiness assessment, evaluate the computer skills of staff, review the needs of hardware and softwares, analyze the current workflow The plan as to which position to reach in future, and define EHR goals accordingly. Draft an implementation plan as an internal project. Evaluate the certified vendors and work on planning implementation of EHR Start the implementation process and installation of the Further, work on customization, Backup, Testing and establishing the downtime procedures Review of goals, status of MU, reporting of clinical measurements, and subsequent phase planning Conclusion Based on the above discussion it can be concluded that the HITECH Act developed by the federal government and the EHR incentive or penalty programs is sure to ssincrease the frequency of MU in near future. MU dictates how an eligible hospital and professional can implement HIT. The certification standards specify the capabilities to be possessed by EHRs to meet the MU requirements. Thus, there is a greater expectation for exchanging the health and the laboratory information electronically. References Carter, J. T. (2015). Electronic medical records and quality improvement.Neurosurgery Clinics of North America,26(2), 245-251. Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS. (2010). Medicare and Medicaid programs; electronic health record incentive program. Final rule.Federal register,75(144), 44313. Chin, B. J., Sakuda, C. M. I. (2012). Transforming and improving health care through meaningful use of health information technology.Hawai'i Journal of Medicine Public Health,71(4 Suppl 1), 50. Goetz, G. D., Kuzel, A. J., Feng, L. B., DeShazo, J. P., Love, L. E. (2012). EHRs in primary care practices: benefits, challenges, and successful strategies.The American journal of managed care,18(2), e48-54. Henricks, W. H. (2011). " Meaningful use" of electronic health records and its relevance to laboratories and pathologists.Journal of pathology informatics,2(1), 7. Marcotte, L., Seidman, J., Trudel, K., Berwick, D. M., Blumenthal, D., Mostashari, F., Jain, S. H. (2012). Achieving meaningful use of health information technology: a guide for physicians to the EHR incentive programs.Archives of internal medicine,172(9), 731-736. Pipersburgh, J. (2011). The push to increase the use of EHR technology by hospitals and physicians in the United States through the HITECH Act and the Medicare incentive program.Journal of health care finance,38(2), 54. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).Southeast Regional HIT-HIE Collaboration (SERCH): Final Report; ONC State Health Policy Consortium Project: Health Information Exchange in Disaster Preparedness and Response. Wilson, D. J. (2012). Fiscal spending jobs multipliers: Evidence from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,4(3), 251-282. Wright, A., Henkin, S., Feblowitz, J., McCoy, A. B., Bates, D. W., Sittig, D. F. (2013). Early results of the meaningful use program for electronic health records.New England Journal of Medicine,368(8), 779-780.

Woodrow Wilson Essays - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson, Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson In 1856, Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born to Joseph Wilson and Janet Woodrow. Because he was the son of a Presbyterian minister, the moral ideology of Woodrow Wilson had its foundation early in his life. It is this moral approach to politics that shaped American foreign policy for a great part of the twentieth century. Wilson was elected president in 1910, as a result of Theodore Roosevelt's Bull Moose split from the Republican Party. The idealistic governor from New Jersey believed that the time had come for him to instate moral politics on the American people. Wilson had little experience in the arena of international politics, this is quite ironic of Wilson's presidency because, Wilson himself would be chiefly remembered as a world diplomat, and, his domestic policy would not be long cherished. To understand Woodrow Wilson's take on politics, one must first review his childhood and background. Born in the age of slavery, Wilson grew up as a racist. His parents both came from families of strong Presbyterian influence. Growing up his father would quiz him on the Bible as well as the orations of men such as Daniel Webster and Charles Lamb. It was also a result of his Scottish-Irish ancestry that Wilson began to inspect the British form of government, a government from which he would later try to incorporate ideas into American democracy. It was here, in his childhood, which the brickwork was laid for America's leader in World War I. (Walworth 14) After attending Princeton University, Wilson became the president of the University. He instituted many reforms including the defeat of the quadrangle system and a development of a graduate school. His belief was that Princeton was to transform boys performing meaningless tasks into thinking men. This goal was to be achieved by using the British model of the preceptorial program . After hearing about this new method of instruction, many vigorous young teachers flocked to Wilson praising his method. Wilson had now become the university's Pastor. (Walworth 89) When a new contract concerning the new graduate school was adopted, the pastor was asked to leave the university life, he was now ready to enter the political arena. Many politicians in the state of New Jersey were eager to have Wilson, a democrat, become involved in politics. Muckrakers had introduced New Jersey as a state conducive to corporations and the political machines they controlled, and the need for an honest politician was greater than ever. At the time when Wilson began his political career, the New Jersey machine was lacking a democratic candidate that could take the place of strong progressive reformers. In the 1906 election for New Jersey's senator, Wilson had all but conceded defeat, since the democrats had no viable chance of winning the election, or so he thought. After conversing with a Princeton classmate, Edwin Stevens, he realized that the bosses were trying to place Wilson as a candidate to cover up the real problems of the machines. (Walworth 145) George Brinton McClellan Harvey was the editor of Harper's Weekly Magazine during the latter part of Wilson's tenure at Princeton. Harvey is largely responsible for the governorship of New Jersey. It was Harvey that made a deal with James Smith Jr. Harvey guaranteed that Wilson would accept the nomination if Smith used his pull in the Democratic Party to make Wilson the president of the United States (Walworth 151). Wilson reluctantly accepted the proposal from Harvey and Smith and began the march toward the presidency. As soon as Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey, he was seen as the man who would lead the Democratic Party towards a more righteous end. As governor, Wilson turned and fought the machines that had, unbeknownst to Wilson, in effect put him in office. When Smith learned of Wilson's alleged betrayal, he announced his candidacy for re-election to the United States Senate, Wilson publicly denounced this campaign and had once and for all, ended the reign of the New Jersey Machine. The time for the 1912 election was near and a reluctant Woodrow Wilson accepted the challenge and the Democratic nomination. This was largely due to the crises that were blooming in the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, Wilson campaigned and toured the country giving the speeches, which he had become famous for. Wilson then secured the democratic nomination when he earned the support of the influential William Jennings Bryan . Bryan had respected Wilson and had followed him since the time of his presidential reforms at Princeton, admired and congratulated him on his quest for governor and

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A Biographical Sketch of Arnold Schoenberg Research Paper

A Biographical Sketch of Arnold Schoenberg - Research Paper Example The artist composed music in different styles attracting a mixture of reactions from the audience including students, friends, and other Viennese audiences. Some of his works later contributed to hatred from his musical enemies. The early life and music Arnold Schoenberg was born to a merchant Samuel Schoenberg and Pauline in Vienna, Austria, on September 13, 1874 (ThinkQuest, para.1). Schoenberg was born in a family that had no particular musical history (Rovi Corporation, para.2). His father died in 1890 when he was aged 16 after which he became an apprentice with some bank shortly. As such, he had to learn much of the music styles through self-teaching and reliance on friends. The artist learnt to play violin and began to compose at the early age of eight years (ThinkQuest, para.1). He had shown aptitude for music composition at the early age. He also began to learn and acquire skills from his friends. One of the artists who helped him develop his talents was Oskar Adler, who gave him rudimentary instructions in harmony and counterpoint (Rovi Corporation, para.2). In 1891, Schoenberg joined the orchestra â€Å"Polyhymnia† and met Alexander von Zemlinsky, the conductor of the orchestra; they would be friends throughout their lives (ThinkQuest, para.1). Zemlinsky, who would later be his brother-in-law, taught Schoenberg composition skills. This was the only formal instruction of this nature that the artist received in music. The early works of the artist in this career involved teaching privately and in other institutions and occasionally orchestrating operettas. He was a conductor of the metalworker-choir. Schoenberg got married to Zemlinsky’s sister, Mathilde, in 1901 and he moved with his wife to Berlin. The marriage was shaken at one point whereby Mathilde got married to another artist. They reunited later before her death in 1923. Schoenberg later got married ten months later to another woman, a sister to another artist. Music styles Schoenb erg developed his first original composition, some few piano pieces, at the age of twenty. The early musical compositions by this artist bore the image of the German Romanticism. This was particularly evident in his first composition Verklarte Nacht, Op.4 composed in 1899. This work was romantic and rich in harmony and color making this earlier work to be easy to comprehend and listen to (ThinkQuest, para.7). In the later developments, the artist concentrated in atonal music that did not have the structure of the traditional tonality. This formed the basis of criticism from his detractors. Nonetheless, the style attracted a large faithful following. He became an instructor in music. Some of the active followers would later become his pupils after establishing his private institution. The two most identifiable pupils of the artist are Alban Berg an Anton Webern. The two pupils developed their skills in music and would later match their trainer in style and composition ability. Workin g together, the three musical composers were the corner stones in the development of the atonal and 12-tone music that rocked the music industry in the first half of the twentieth century While in Berlin, Schoenberg was appointed to teach at Stern Academy in Berlin (ThinkQuest, para.3). In 1903, he returned to Vienna and established a private teaching academy. Berg and Webern became his first pupil. Schoenberg received further support from Zemlensky and another friend, Gustav Mahler, towards the real composition of atonal pieces (ThinkQuest) Gustav Mahler was the director of court opera. Schoenberg had now begun to move away from tonality towards atonal composition. He later composed some works and performed in a legendary in

Compare and contrast 2 liberal and 2 realist approaches to counter Essay

Compare and contrast 2 liberal and 2 realist approaches to counter terrorism - Essay Example On the other hand, liberals are of the opinion that terrorism is a menace amongst the many others in the society. Liberalists also argue that terrorism can only be handled by coming up with strategies and institutions that would aid in dealing with terrorism. In the view of the liberalists, through the deployment of intelligence forces, it is possible to combat terrorism,. Liberalists also argue that law enforcement forces are vital in handling terrorism. This paper shall analyze the differences between liberalist and realists approaches on eradication of terrorism. Light will be shed on the realist works by Alex Bellamy and Jason Motlagh and liberalist works by John Mueller and Henry Munson. In Bellamys work, torture is one of the measures that is of the essence to the realists (121). In the event of the devastating September bombing, it became evident that the entire globe is under risk and at the mercies of the terrorists. In this case, torturing and manipulating terrorists has been beneficial in extracting information from them. Apart from the legal and moral constraints, torture has been beneficial in the protection of the US citizens from terror attacks. Bellamy continues to argue that the media can be used to justify this fact by televising the success of torture in acquiring information from terrorists (127). At times, tortures can lead to the death of suspected terrorists. Studies indicate that with the fewer cases of suspects under trial, torture has been embraced as one the most effectual means of combating crime. Motlaghs work is yet another that applies realist approaches in the analysis of assessment. The government of Sri Lanka has been seen to apply the aid of agencies in an attempt to protect its citizens from clashes and calamities (Motlagh 1). This is an interpretation of the fact that this work is more

(can you come up with one) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(can you come up with one) - Essay Example Professional experience in a for-profit organization is a strong advantage, as well as the ability to demonstrate successful teaching experience. The position to be filled is that of a highly intellectual individual with specialized skills, knowledge and experience. According to Haesli and Boxall (2005), such individuals seek facets of employment ordinary workers do not, and would look to find the following qualifications when selecting an employer: From the foregoing, Sincere College, in its desire to source the best possible applicant for the position and maintain such an individual for the long-term, must offer above all work that is continuously interesting to the individual, not routinary but challenging to the person’s specialized abilities (Douglas, 2010). Sincere College should furthermore offer the candidate a competitive salary worthy of his/her high qualifications, in the area of $X,XXX.XX per month. He/she shall also enjoy the following benefits: XXXX Finally, he or she should be informed that the position is in the tenure track, and may expect to be welcome as a part of the long and illustrious tradition of Sincere College. The College should be shown to have a dynamic strategic approach to academic pursuits, as strategic flexibility determines the organizational commitment to ensure the satisfaction and growth of its employees (Roca-Puig, et al., 2005). Internal recruitment should first be attempted prior to advertising outside of the college. It is possible that qualified teaching personnel already exist in the college, and such announcement, through posting in the school intranet or HR bulletin board for notice of vacancies or by circulating through memorandum. This allows interested individuals the chance to express their interest to be considered for the position, and the skills and abilities are already known to the college,

The Statement Of The Research Problem English Language Essay

The Statement Of The Research Problem English Language Essay English is now considered as an important language, not only in the learning institutions but also within the society. Most employers seek employees who can communicate competently in English. Unfortunately the standard of English among todays graduates is disappointing. One may argue that emphasize should be put on the skill needed to do a particular job instead of focusing on being able to speak English well. However, in certain fields the ability to converse well in English is mandatory. It is especially important to graduates or students of the TESL course as they are suppose to teach English to others. If they could not do it well, how could they be expected to teach others? In my practicum teaching experience, I managed to observe that some of the students kept silent all the time during the teaching and learning session. And the main reason for this situation taking place is the fact that they do not want to speak English. Most of the time during classroom teaching, I am the only one explaining and trying to get the students to speak. Even when they know the answer to a simple question, they still hesitate to open their mouths, and to volunteer in answering the question orally. They are indifferent to conversing in English. Although some of them know clearly that they should be competent in the language so as to qualify themselves for the current competitive career seeking opportunities that they will face in the future. Besides, the ability to speak in English is required in the society and the Malaysian community since we are in a multicultural country. With this demographic background, one common language that we share besides Malay is English. Ther efore, having confidence to speak the language is considered necessary. 1.2 The Statement of the Research Problem Being able to make ourselves confident, and directing the self-confidence that we have to speak in English is a hard effort. To be able to have this confidence, individuals need to make sure that they are proficient in the language. Lack of proficiency in English is seen as a major contributor towards the student teachers oral contribution in the classroom and during English teaching and learning session. In light of this situation, many factors have been identified as the cause of such issue to occur among the student teachers. Thus, these contributing factors will be further investigated in this research in order to come up with means for effective change. The first problem that results in silence of the sample group during classroom interaction and instruction is due to the fact that the student teachers level of English proficiency, compared to their senior teachers and lecturers, are relatively different. The sample group has differences among them in terms of English proficiency. This means that their level of competency, especially in oral English, differs from one another. Therefore, with this problem, they become more afraid of making mistakes if they speak, thus resort to being silent and avoid any oral communication in the classroom with the senior teacher or lecturer. Does this problem apply to the focused group of the research? Based on the practicum teaching experience, I also found out that the same problem applies to my B.Ed TESL colleagues during lecture sessions. Even though we are already in our final semester of learning and the ability to converse in English should have been sharpened throughout the 7 semesters, many still hesitate to voice out opinions or provide individual answers voluntarily during lectures. Therefore, I decided to look into this problem and come up with necessary solutions for this issue. Based on the problems explained above, this topic best interests me since I will benefit from the findings of this research whereby I can use it to overcome any difficulties pertaining to this issue for the betterment of my teaching and instruction as a teacher in the classroom. 1.3 The Research Objectives The purpose of this research is to investigate trainee teachers perceptions, problems and experiences of speaking English in the classroom. By identifying these three components; students perception, difficulties, and ways to overcome this matter, this study generally focuses on how to help the B.Ed TESL Cohort Three students to overcome the barrier that exists. Therefore, I hope that this study will help them to be able to speak in English during their teaching periods and in the classroom. Specifically, the research is conducted to fulfill the following objectives: To find out about trainee teachers perception in speaking English while doing their practicum and during lecture hours in the classroom. To find out about trainee teachers difficulties in speaking English while doing their practicum and during lecture hours in the classroom. To propose suggestions on how barriers and difficulties of speaking English in the classroom can be minimized, or eliminated. 1.4 The Research Questions The following questions were designed to fulfill the needs of this research: How does B.Ed TESL trainee teachers teach English in class, and how do they act and react during lecture hours in the teachers training institute? What are the difficulties in speaking English while doing their practicum and during lecture hours in the classroom? What are the ways that can encourage B.Ed TESL trainee teachers to frequently speak in English in the classroom? 1.5 Limitation of the Study This study had been conducted to the Cohort Three, B.Ed TESL students of UiTM. The reason for selecting them as the respondents is due to the limitation of sources, age factors, and the time constraint. As we are studying in MARA University of Technology (UiTM), and the fact that it is hard for us to get respondents from other universities, we decided to study our own B.Ed TESL Cohort Three students. Besides that, this study is only limited to B.Ed TESL Cohort Three students due to the small age gap between each and every one of my respondents. In average, the respondents for my study are aged between 23 to 25 years old. This project is limited to only the respondents chosen because it is easier to distribute the questionnaire to them and recollect it back afterwards. Moreover, since we do not have ample time to distribute and analyze the questionnaire papers, choosing only B.Ed TESL Cohort Three students seemed to be the best solution not only because of the factors stated above, but also because the topic of my case study is closely related to the respondents chosen. 1.5 Significance of the study This study had been carried out with the purpose of knowing why students in higher educational institutions are less interested in speaking English. As an English language learner, I found out that most students studying in higher education institutions, especially Mara University of Technology (UiTM) lack the interest to speak English, especially outside the classroom. As English is an important language nowadays, it is also vital for teacher trainees like us to master the language. One best way of mastering this language is by using it in our daily conversations. By using English language in our daily communications, the B.Ed TESL students are able to improve their speaking skills during their practicum and also during lecture hours. Consequently this study can be used to help the students in their speaking of English and also to help them to be more confident to use the second language. Apart from that, this study also able to aid the lecturers to tackle this matter. Therefore, some measures will be taken by them in terms of the contents of the lesson and the pedagogy used in class. For example, the lesson carried out is more interesting which requires the students to talk and contribute more in the classroom. In addition, the UiTM administrator should organize workshops that focus on building students self-confidence to converse in English. This will encourage the students to use English as their medium of communication. Unfortunately, B.ED TESL Cohort Three students of UiTM seemed to be reluctant to speak English among their friends, colleagues, peers, and everyone around them. So, this study helps me to reflect on the reasons leading to this situation. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 English Subject English is an international language. It is widely used in many situations like business trade, communication, learning process and so on. Therefore, English has become a compulsory subject in Malaysian Educational System. It was first implemented in year 1979. All students starting from kindergarten until tertiary level have to learn English as one of their subjects. The major aim of this subject is to allow students to develop their level of proficiency in English. This will enable students to use English for their daily life, knowledge acquisition and to prepare them for future jobs. In KBSM, the learning outcome in learning English is based on the four skills which are reading, speaking, writing and listening. Those four skills are really needed to be mastered by the students before they go off the school. Speaking skill is useful for students to deliver their thoughts and ideas clearly in speech when they pronounce words correctly and observe correct stress and intonation (KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA SUKATAN PELAJARAN KURIKULUM BERSEPADU SEKOLAH MENENGAH) From Zhao B. (1998) in her article. 2.2 Motivation to Speak English How to motivate students to speak English (Golding, 2007), has provided several issues that need to be taken into consideration. The first factor is environment. There are several factors that hinder students from speaking English in class like afraid of making mistakes, and lack of confidence. Thus, it is the teachers role to provide good environment so that students will feel comfortable to converse in English. Secondly, encouragement is necessary. From time to time teachers should give moral support to the students so that they will increase their level of confidence in using the target language. Third is methods chosen by the teachers. The teachers should make sure that the approach for speaking skill is suitable for students to develop their speaking skill. Lastly is guidance from the teacher. Teachers should guide their students so that they will learn something from the lesson and will not repeat the same mistake again and again. Teachers should try to make their class lively and active through their guidance and ways of handling it. 2.3 Speaking English outside the Classroom In order to be fluent in speaking English, students must be encouraged to put into practice speaking English outside the classroom environment. From Pete Marchetto (2007), only the most motivated students will manage to speak it all the time. However, why students nowadays feel reluctant to use the language as one of their means of communication? Fluency is one of the factors that may hinder students to speak English outside the classroom. An article entitled English outside the Classroom stated that to develop fluency, we must generate a need to speak, to meet the learners want to speak. The learners themselves must be convinced of the need to relate to the subject and communicate about it to others. They need to feel that they are speaking not simply because the teacher expects them to, but because there is some strong reason to do so; not only inside the classroom but also outside the classroom. (Hawes, 1994) Thus, students need to force themselves to speak in English if they want to become fluent speakers. Fluency may not come without practice. Fluency may be a factor that hinders students from speaking English, but their personal interest can also be a contributor to this issue. In research done by Shimizu entitled Why Japanese Students Reluctant to express their Opinions in the Classroom suggests that, some students are not interested in English and it is natural that they cannot express their opinions during the class. So, it means that, students need to have high interest in learning the language. If they have little interest in the language, definitely they will not practice the language. Apart from that, students do not speak English because they feel afraid of making mistakes. The fear of losing face prevents the students from speaking English (Zhu, 2003). These students do not want to feel ashamed in front of their friends if they tend to speak English incorrectly. 2.4 Barriers in speaking English Feeling not confident to speak in English, or reluctance to speak, whether in the classroom, or outside can occur due to many factors. These factors hinder, or become the barrier in individuals to speak in English. From my experience, my colleagues rarely speak in English in informal situations especially outside the classroom. For me, this is the largest barrier that deters the speaking of English during lectures in class. Speaking in English outside the classroom is important. Interacting in the community is a vital part of their language learning because language acquisition takes place when learners have problems communicating and have to negotiate for meaning. (Ellis, 2005) Speaking in English outside the classroom is important, and has proved to facilitate individuals in becoming confident and able to improve speaking skills. A research done by Cathy Wright (2006) entitled SPEAKING ENGLISH BEYOND THE CLASSROOM: IDENTIFYING BARRIERS AND EFFECTING CHANGE, showed that speaking English outside class was very important (all instead of half) and more certain it could improve speaking, listening, vocabulary and understanding of life. Furthermore, participants had become more positive about their experiences of speaking English in the community. First language (L1) is also a barrier to individuals to speak in English in class. This is because in my opinion and observation, my colleagues prefer to speak among themselves in L1, whether inside the classroom, or outside. L1 effect on second language (L2) is also termed as interference. Quoted in Bhela (1999), When writing or speaking the target language (L2), second language learners tend to rely on their native language (L1) structures to produce a response. If the structures of the two languages are distinctly different, then one could expect a relatively high frequency of errors to occur in L2, thus indicating an interference of L1 on L2 (Dechert, 1983 and Ellis, 1997). Based on the quotation above, the structure of individuals L1 interfere in the production of sentences in L2, thus creating repeated errors in individuals speech and writing in L2. Therefore, the errors may instil lack of motivation and confidence to speak in L2, creating a situation that hinders my colleagues to practice speaking English in class and outside the classroom. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Background One crucial phrase that can be applied in mastering the English language is practice makes perfect. In order to be competent in English, TESL students should speak the language every opportunity they get. Surprisingly, many TESL students do not use English outside the classroom. This is why I decided to conduct a survey to investigate this matter. I want to find out whether the reason they are not using English outside the classroom is innate or related to their surroundings. This is important because we need to recognize and eliminate the inhibitors that prevent TESL students from using English outside the classroom so that I may find ways to overcome this problem. This chapter looks into how the survey has been carried out. In this chapter, it is discussed in detail about the subjects of this study, the instruments used to carry out this study, how the data had been collected, and finally the way the data had been analyzed. From this chapter, the whole process, from distributing the instrument, conducting and collecting the data, to the way of analyzing all the data of the study is being described precisely. 3.2 The Subjects of the Study The subjects for my study are 45 persons. From all the subjects, I chose to distribute our instruments to 11 male students, and 34 female students. Furthermore, the subjects of my study are all from B.Ed TESL Cohort Three UiTM students. All the respondents are aged between twenty to twenty four years old. While choosing for the subjects for this study, I did not encounter any difficulties as my survey is not a comparison between males and females. So, the difference in the numbers of males and females respondents was not a barrier to me to continue the study. 3.3 The Instruments In doing this survey, the method chosen is survey questionnaire. The reason for choosing this method is that it is easier to analyze the data provided. The survey questionnaire will be distributed among 45 respondents in March 2010. In order to accumulate the data the instrument is divided into three sections which are; (a) Students Perception, (b) Difficulties, and (c) Ways to Help. The questionnaire consists of ten (10) survey questions pertaining to the survey topic. From those 10 questions, three questions had been asked in a form of YES/NO, one question as scale, and six multiple choice questions. The YES/NO question asks the respondents to tick either Yes or No. The optional choice question in the questionnaire needs all the respondents to choose the answers within the answers that had been provided for them. The scale question requires the respondent to grade according to their opinion about what the question asks. Meanwhile, the open-ended question asks the respondents to state their reason/s in answering the related question. 3.4 Data Collection As this survey had been conducted using survey questionnaire, the data provided is written in the questionnaire paper itself. Therefore, when this questionnaire had been distributed to all the respondents chosen, I had given them about 15 minutes to finish answering all the questions. The questionnaire set is collected as soon as all the respondents completed answering it. The questionnaire was handed to all the respondents while they were in class and waiting for the lecturer to come. So the data collection for this survey has been made at their respective classes 3.5 Data Analysis After all the data had been collected, an analysis of it has been carried out to conclude all the findings and assemblage the data into their percentage. This is done to come out with a list of figures and charts discussing each question. The data collected is first recounted to make sure all the respondents had handed in their questionnaire paper. After that, an analysis of each question is made by grouping the answers, and totaling them up in a form of percentage. Then, the percentage of each data is transmitted into the different charts provided by the computer. For the open-ended question, the data is tabulated into a table and followed by appropriate justifications on how the respondents reacted to the questions asked. CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION 4.0 Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate trainee teachers perceptions, problems and experiences of speaking English in the classroom. This chapter looks into how the results of the findings of the study will be portrayed and discussed. 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis This chapter contains information and the conclusion made pertaining to each question asked in the questionnaire paper. After the data had been analyze and transmitted into figures and tables, a conclusion for each question is made to relate the findings and the survey topic together. In this chapter also, the results of the survey is shown and discussed. 4.1.1 Students Perception 4.1.1.1 QUESTION 1: From your point of view, is English an interesting language? FIGURE 4.1 The first question is a general question which asks the respondents whether English is an interesting language or not. It is a Yes/No question, which require the respondents to tick in either one of the boxes provided. For this question, 45 respondents, or a total of 96 percent of the respondents say that English is an interesting language. While an outstanding total of respondents say that English is interesting. On the contrary, 2 respondents, who carry another 4 percent of the total percentage, say that English is not an interesting language. 4.1.1.2 QUESTION 2: Is English language difficult to be spoken? FIGURE 4.2 The second question is a Yes/No question, asking the respondents perceptions whether English language is difficult to be spoken or not. From the pie-chart chart above, it is shown that a high 80 percent of the respondents say that English is not difficult to be spoken. Another 20 percent stated that speaking English is hard. It clearly shows that majority of the respondents agree to the fact that English is not a hard language to be spoken. 4.1.2 Students difficulties 4.1.2.1 QUESTION 3: On the scale of 1 to 10, what is your level of proficiency in the English language? FIGURE 4.3 The third question required the respondents to rate their level of proficiency in the English language. The rational of asking this question is to know how well the respondents feel about themselves pertaining to the study of English. The scale of 1 to 10 has been provided to them in three different boxes. The first box is rated 1 to 3, the second rated 4 to 7, and the third box is rated 8 to 10. After analyzing the findings provided, 62 percent, with majority respondents rated their proficiency in English at 4 to 7 of the scale. The second highest percentage is 32 percent, where the respondents rate their English proficiency at 8 to 10 from the scale given. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage is 6 rate their proficiency at the point of 1 to 3 on the scale. 4.1.2.2 QUESTION 4: How often do you speak English with your friends / peers outside of the classroom? FIGURE 4.3 The fourth question for this survey is pertaining to the frequency of speaking English for each respondent. The answers provided for this question is seldom, once a week, everyday, or never spoken in English before. The respondents are asked to choose only ONE answer for this question. From the analyzed data, 50 percent of the respondents answered they seldom speak in English, 14 percent said that they speak English once a week, another 32 percent of respondents state that they speak English everyday, while another 6 percent of the remaining respondents stated that they never spoke in English. From this question, it can be concluded that the respondents spent less time using English to communicate in their daily lives. 4.1.2.3 QUESTION 5: Do your colleagues practice speaking English outside of the classroom? FIGURE 4.6 Question 6 is a Yes/No, asking the respondents whether their colleagues in the university practices speaking English outside the classroom or not. All the respondents are asked to chose either Yes or No for the answer. The highest percentage for this question is the answer Yes, with a total of 60 percent of the respondents stating that their colleagues do practice speaking English outside their classroom. Another 40 percent of the respondents say that their colleagues did not practice speaking the language outside classroom. 4.1.2.4 QUESTION 6: Do you speak English with your parents / family members at home? FIGURE 4.7 The above figure is a transmitted data of the seventh question in the survey questionnaire conducted to the B.Ed TESL teacher trainee of IPGM-KKB UiTM. This question is asked with the purpose of knowing whether the respondents do speak English language with their parents or family members at home. Related to the fifth question before, this is another way for me to gather more information about the topic of my study. To conclude the figure above, 60 percent or a total of 30 respondents do practice speaking the language with their parents or family members at home. 4.1.2.5 QUESTION 7: What do you think is the inhibitor for TESL students to use English in the classroom? TABLE 4.2 The question asked respondents to give their opinion on the inhibitor for TESL students to use English in the classroom. From the data collected, it shows that most of the respondents admit that lack of self-confidence is the biggest inhibitor for them to use English outside the classroom, with 57.7 percent. Besides, 19.7 percent respondents believe that they are lack of practice to use the language. While, 17 percent of our respondents say that their mother tongue (Malay Language) inhibits them to speak English in the classroom. Meanwhile, only 7 percent of the total percentage states that peers are the inhibitors for them to speak the language in class. 4.1.3 Ways to Overcome 4.1.3.1 QUESTION 8: Who influence you most in speaking English? FIGURE 4.5 This question is asking the respondents to reveal who influenced them most to speak in English in the classroom. The answers provided for this question is peers/friends, parents, their lecturers and their own self-willing. From the bar chart above, respondents agree that their peers/ friends, and their lecturers are the most influential factor for them to speak in English, with the percentage of 28.9. Meanwhile, a 26.8 percent out of the total percentage state that their own-willing to speak is the most pushing factor in influencing them to speak the language outside the classroom. Another 15.4 percent of the remaining respondents chose their parents as someone who influence them to speak in English out of class. From this question, it shows that peers or friends, and lecturers play an important part to make us speak in English, even outside of the classroom. 4.1.3.2 QUESTION 9: From your point of view, do a teacher / lecturer play a big role in encouraging students to speak English? FIGURE 4.8 Question 8 is a multiple choice form of question, which needs the respondents to choose only ONE answer from the list of answers provided to them. The respondents are required to give their views on whether a teacher or lecturer plays a big role in encouraging students to speak English. There is a huge difference in the amount of percentage between one answer to others. A majority of 44 respondents, with the percentage of 88 says that the teacher or lecturer plays a big role in encouraging them to speak English. From this question, I can make a conclusion that students depend on their lecturers in order to make them speak in English outside the classroom environment. 4.1.3.3 QUESTION 10: In your opinion, what are the factors that contribute to someone speaking English fluently? FIGURE 4.9 This question is asking for the respondents opinion on the factors that contribute to someone speaking English fluently. Just like the previous question, the respondents need to state their point of view by choosing from the list of answers already provided to them in the questionnaire paper. The opinions asked are the factors that contribute to someone speaking fluent English. The results in the figure above shows that 41 percent of the respondents think that lots of practice is the main key in speaking fluent English. Meanwhile, one quarter of the pie chart, with 25 percent of the respondents think that interest in the language contributes to someone speaking English fluently. 4.2 Summary of the findings Based on the findings of the study, there are few conclusions that can be made. Throughout the findings, I found out that more than half of the respondents have the rate of 4-7 on the English proficiency scale of 10. I also found out that half of the overall respondents seldom speak English with their friends or peers outside of the classroom. 60% from the total of respondents state that their colleague practices speaking English outside the classroom. However, that does not bring enough motivation to encourage them to speak in English. 88% of the respondents have a view that lecturers play a big role in encouraging students to converse in English in and outside the classroom. From the data collected, I found out that, most of the respondents with a total of 57.7%, state that lack of self-confidence is the greatest inhibitor to converse in English in the classroom. CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION 5.0 Introduction One crucial phrase that can be applied in mastering the English language is practice makes perfect. In order to be competent in English, TESL students should speak the language every opportunity they get. Surprisingly, many TESL students do not use English outside of the classroom. This is why we decided to conduct a survey to investigate this matter. We want to find out whether the reason they are not using English outside of the classroom is innate or related to their surroundings. This is important because we need to recognize and eliminate the inhibitors that prevent TESL students from using English outside of the classroom so that we may find ways to overcome this problem. 5.1 Implications to Language Learning The researcher really values the insights received from the B.Ed TESL Cohort 3 students on their opinion and perception about English language, which is our L2. By knowing what they have to say about the English language, it creates awareness of the researcher on the situation of speaking in English among colleagues inside and outside the classroom. The current situation of speaking English among colleagues shows that though English is the language that we are learning in order to become an English teacher in the near future, many inhibitors still hinder us from frequently speaking the language, either inside the classroom or outside in informal situation with friends. The importance of English is undeniable. Because the language is very important, B.Ed TESL Cohort 3 students should work very hard to try to overcome, or curd the inhibitors that stop them from being able to speak in English in any given situation. As future English teachers, urgency and inner instinct to proficiently improve self in the language should be buried inside us. In addition, due to the increasing demand on individuals proficiency in English for education and job prospect nowadays, to be able to speak English in many situations is considered very good. Therefore, B.Ed TESL students should have their own self-encouragement to become better speakers of English, and be a very good role model to the students when they start teaching in schools in the near future. By putting effort and finding our own means to speak English frequently and confidently, not only can we be proud of ourselves, but also a sense of proud and satisfaction sparks in the lecturers who had taught us the language for almost 6 years. This study also shed light to the fact that practicing English is a very good effort in order to become fluent and proficient speakers. The only problem that surrounds it is that, the feeling of shame to practice speaking and getting caught making errors. It creates embarrassment which led to unwillingness to continue the practice of speaking the language. Being afraid of making errors while speaking will only put individuals at the current state of their English proficiency. In order for them to move forward and become better, the feeling of shame should be put aside. This is because making errors are part

The Sick Role and Application in the Nursing Practice :: Nursing Essays

Introduction The processes of life were being born, growing old, having illness, and death. In our life, we suffered from different sickness. It was a good reason for the absent from school, work or other daily working activities. However, in the view of a sociologist, the people who were in the sick role, they were regarded as having committed a crime and it was treated as deviant behavior (Peter & Meredith, 1998). In the structural functional model, people took various tasks and role in society or in different institutions. These were dependable with the structures and norms of the society. Did sickness have any effective elements in society? This paper would describe the concept of sick role and the application in the nursing practice (Parson, 1979). Concept of sick role Talcott Parsons (1902 – 1979) was a famous American sociologist and a structural functionalist. He developed a general theoretical system for analyzing the society. In his theoretical system, people hold their status and perform their role in the society, which was called social role. In his concept, the social roles were expected behaviors (including rights and obligations) of everyone with a given position in society (Diligio, 2005). This kind of social role maintained the structural and functional status of the society. I used Mr. Lee as an example to illustrate about the social roles. Mr. Lee was a registered nurse. He lived with his wife and his daughter. According to the Parsons’s theoretical system, Mr. Lee has three social roles. At hospital, he took a role as a nurse. He cared his patients. At home, he took a role as husband to his wife and a role as father to his daughter. The sick role was first defined by Talcott Parsons (1951) in his seminal work which was describing a set of behaviors. These behaviors were associated with people who became acutely ill. As described by Parsons, the sick role was a process in which an individual experiences a change in role identity or role expectations. As a result, people were suffered from the illness. Base of the Parsons, there were some components in the sick role. Firstly, the illness was involuntary. Secondly, residents of the sick role were exempted from their usual work; family, civic and permits to be â€Å"take care of† by health care professionals and others.

Philippines Airlines Case Essay

Philippines airlines started its history on March 15, 1941 on a small twin-engine Beech Model 18 flying 212 of pure skies from Manila to Baguio with a full load of five passengers. Upon the outbreak of the pacific war, PAL’s two aircraft were pressed into service with the US army Air Corps. Post-war operations began on February 14, 1946 with five ex-military Douglas DC-35. In July, the airline chartered DC-4s to carry American service men home to Oakland, making PAL the first airline to cross the Pacific. Regular DC-4s service to San Francisco began in December 1946. In May 1947, PAL opened a route to Europe. By 1952, the international route network covered two-thirds of the wold, and the government became the majority stockholder. At present, PAL uses the most advance technology in the local airline industry. Technical centers were constructed to perform ground handling for other airlines and contract work for the states and Philippine Military services. Computerized reservations systems link most PAL sales outlets: 103 in the Philippines and 56 worldwide. The PAL Data Center at the Manila Domestic Airport is the core of the most extensive computer system in the Philippines today. A massive refleeting program was introduced to be able to cope with the standards of the industry. Indeed, this program paved the way for the problems they are facing right now. Closure Philippine Airlines (PAL) is facing its worst crisis. Foremost in the company’s mind is how can it possibly overcome problems created by the economic turmoil that has been bagging the Asian region since July 1997- a situation few quarters were able to predict. What do they do in times of decreasing demand for air travel, poor revenues, increasing operational cost, and when credit to cover financial obligations is almost non-existent? The main reason why PAL suffered financial problems was because of the massive refleeting modernization program, which was funded through loans made from local and international creditors. It has reached a point where it can no longer keep up with its obligations. Then, the labor unrest come into force because of the need to downsize manpower as a solution to its financial problems. The pilots rejected a scheme to retire 200 colleagues using a provision in their CBA which would not give them enough monetary benefit that will compensate their year of service with the company. The  ground employees protested the manner by which the management implemented a retrenchment program on their ranks as a result of the 22-day pilots strike. The downsizing was a bitter pill to swallow. Chain of Events Prior to the Closure June 1998 The 620 PAL pilots went on strike paralyzing PAL’s operations. 1,800 ground employees were retrenched. July 1998 Philippine Air Lines Employee Association (PALEA) went on strike to demand the reinstatement of the retrenched members who they claimed were dismissed by violating their CBA provisions. September 1998 Lucio Tan gave out a proposal to PALEA officers, the acceptance of which will ensure the survical of PAL. PALEA officers accepted the proposal. Members of PALEA rejected the proposal and demanded a retraction from the officers. Officers retracted on a condition that a referendum is held on the proposals. Referendum under the sponsorship of DOLE was held. â€Å"NO† votes prevailed. Closure becomes reality. Management side (Interview) The closure was done because the company is on the brink of bankruptcy. It was due to the unforeseen economic crisis. There is no problem with the management and labor. The management then gave a proposal to avoid the closure of the company. Labor side (source from Newspapers) They are afraid that the management can easily fire them without the CBA. They are also worried about the recognition of the labor union even if the CBA is suspended. Another referendum was made and the â€Å"YES† votes prevailed which means that they agreed to the proposal of Mr. Lucio Tan maybe because of limited options they have. REACTION (Written by a PAL employee) The upheavals in PAL can best described as â€Å"Bad Luck†. After 57 years in existence, who would have say that management expertise is lacking, maybe inappropriate to the call of the times but never lacking. The labor unions have enjoyed the rights since day one of their foundation but again due to the call of the times, they have just ask for more. Each one has its own reasons for being so the collapse of the enterprise come to fore and closure was inevitable. The Yes or No vote. Both are evil but we chose the lesser evil- Why Yes? 1. Yes means reopening of the airline, a must for national interest as well as individual worker’s interest. The industry is vital to national trade and tourism. Its absence could slow down the Philippine economy further. While it’s true that there maybe other airlines, PAL has the edge in facilities, human resources, and worldwide recognition. 2. The suspension of CBA can still be questioned in court for its legality and can be pursued by the union. 3. There are labor laws to protect the workers. Effects of the Closure in the Economy The economy then was in recession so the people did not consider air travel. Many PAL workers went home jobless. GNP drops because of low productivity. Business opportunities were cancelled or delayed due to lack of Air Transportation. Re-opening Pal opened its door when all the problems were partially solved. Owner Lucio Tan infused capital to the wingless airline, which was not enough for its continued survival. Selling of some assets were considered to pay creditors. It lessened flight destinations to be able to lower operation cost. A possible management turnover might happen for the survival. Rehabilitation Plan The plan was mainly to infuse capital to PAL airlines. Possible investors were invited for the infusion of the capital. Selling percentage of ownership were also considered. Foreign investors such as Cathay Pacific, Northwest were thinking of possible investment to the said airline. A $150 million capital infusion was planned but the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) did not approve it last December 1998. Selling of shares  worth $11.916 million in abacus international, one of the biggest international computer reservation systems in the world was considered to raise cash for operations. A new rehabilitation plan worth $200 million is set to be submitted on March 15, 1999 for the approval by the SEC.

Endgame

Endgame The Hegelian definition of tragedy is defined as good intentions will collide in a finite area where those good intentions will develop a tragedy. Beckett’s Endgame can be included within the definition of the Hegelian tragedy. Both main characters in the play had good intentions, but were formed through obligations. These good intentions through obligation made the novel suitable to be a Hegelian tragedy. The characters good intentions were shown throughout the play. Both Hamm and Clove depended on each other to survive. They were both afraid to leave each other and be left alone.Clove admits that Hamm became a father figure to him and he once loved him but not anymore, but he has nowhere else to go. Also Hamm points out that Clove stays with him out of compassion. Nagg depends mostly on his wife, Nell. He would only wake up from his garbage bins to tell the same story to his wife and attempt to give her a kiss. However Nell dependency is the past. Nell in the play re presents life where in this type of story it is unlikely to see. The script and the film made Hamm’s parents look more childlike and pet like.The play had several themes, which consist of emptiness, loneliness, and the overall nature of beginnings and endings in other words- life and death. The repeated lines such as â€Å"finished† and â€Å"zero† represents Hamm, the protagonist, wanting to welcome in death but he is too scare to finish the â€Å"endgame†. The script made me think the characters were trapped in this small dark hole full of nothingness, which emphasizes the emptiness of the play. However, in the film there was light coming from the two windows. Outside the windows, there is â€Å"zero† nature, which also helps to illustrate the emptiness of play.Another example of emptiness being represented in the play, is that there was absolutely no sound coming from the outside or inside in the film, except for the character’s voices. T he killing of the rat and flea demonstrates the beginnings and endings of the play. Hamm told Clove to kill the flea because he is afraid of the rebirth of humanity. The stage directions in the script represent Hamm and Clove’s fear of escaping. In the film, when Hamm directs Clove to move him back to the center of the room after being pushed around the room, is one example of Hamm’s fear of escaping the room.Another example is Clove’s failed attempts to leave the room to go to the kitchen. In the film, it showed Clove’s many hesitations before leaving the room. Even though the characters had good intentions to help each other survive the â€Å"endgame†, the tragic flaws were overpowering. Nagg mentions in the play that since birth Hamm has always being afraid of loneliness. Clove finally had courage to escape but eventually returns because he didn’t have enough courage to end one thing and start a new beginning somewhere else. Hegelian trag edy suited the Endgame because the characters good intentions collided in this finite dark hole.

Free Essays on Image Portrayed By American Television

Today, everything is based solely on image. Everyone has to be a â€Å"baller,† â€Å"pimp,† or best looking. T.V. has set an extremely materialistic image that has altered our culture. If you’re not thin, sexy, and rich, then you’re nothing in America. Girls spend hours in the bathroom trying to get pretty before they go out. Guys work out, shave, and work on their pick up lines so they can get the most women. Being natural is not an option. If all my knowledge of American Society was based solely on what I saw on T.V., I’d say they are a paganistic, superficial, ignorant, and ill-mannered group of people. Beer, cussing, money, and women, is this what is supposed to make up the American man? Is the women demanded to look the best, have the best clothes, and have the fittest, most busty body? Should every guy be able to be with as many women as they want, while girls should stay pure until marriage? According to the three shows Making the Band 2, The Man Show, and Insomniac with Dave Attel it is. Solely using this as my knowledge, that’s the perception I got. These shows portray a wrong image of the American people. The depict the males as alcoholics, foul mouths, and morally challenged gender. In Making the Band 2, they portrayed the guys trying to be â€Å"thugs† and â€Å"gangstas,† and trying to keep that image because it’s the new trend. They use extremely vulgar language in both their daily lives and lyrics to their rap songs. Their minds are focused on money, girls, and clothing. The women on the other hand are always trying to fix their faces, hair, and trying to fit into the tightest and skimpiest clothes they can. This puts a lot of pressure on the American people to be the coolest, or best looking in the world. Insomniac with Dave Attel could definitely make the men look terrible. He goes from bar to bar, getting extremely drunk and is on a quest to show the â€Å"Great American Night Life.†... Free Essays on Image Portrayed By American Television Free Essays on Image Portrayed By American Television Today, everything is based solely on image. Everyone has to be a â€Å"baller,† â€Å"pimp,† or best looking. T.V. has set an extremely materialistic image that has altered our culture. If you’re not thin, sexy, and rich, then you’re nothing in America. Girls spend hours in the bathroom trying to get pretty before they go out. Guys work out, shave, and work on their pick up lines so they can get the most women. Being natural is not an option. If all my knowledge of American Society was based solely on what I saw on T.V., I’d say they are a paganistic, superficial, ignorant, and ill-mannered group of people. Beer, cussing, money, and women, is this what is supposed to make up the American man? Is the women demanded to look the best, have the best clothes, and have the fittest, most busty body? Should every guy be able to be with as many women as they want, while girls should stay pure until marriage? According to the three shows Making the Band 2, The Man Show, and Insomniac with Dave Attel it is. Solely using this as my knowledge, that’s the perception I got. These shows portray a wrong image of the American people. The depict the males as alcoholics, foul mouths, and morally challenged gender. In Making the Band 2, they portrayed the guys trying to be â€Å"thugs† and â€Å"gangstas,† and trying to keep that image because it’s the new trend. They use extremely vulgar language in both their daily lives and lyrics to their rap songs. Their minds are focused on money, girls, and clothing. The women on the other hand are always trying to fix their faces, hair, and trying to fit into the tightest and skimpiest clothes they can. This puts a lot of pressure on the American people to be the coolest, or best looking in the world. Insomniac with Dave Attel could definitely make the men look terrible. He goes from bar to bar, getting extremely drunk and is on a quest to show the â€Å"Great American Night Life.†...

Global Food Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Global Food Crisis - Essay Example ems from an inability to feed the global poor as well as the financial burdens that shortages of food place on international governments and general citizens. There is no simplistic fix to this problem and therefore knowledge is power to assist innovators in aiding toward finding a quality solution to diminishing food supply. The purpose of this secondary, desk-based research study is to inform the general reader about the multitudes of problems associated with meeting supply versus demand volumes to feed the hungry and also sustain new product development efforts using food products. This information is worthy of consideration as the future of food production and distribution, currently, looks considerably bleak and it ultimately impacts the quality of life for virtually every international citizen. The information gleaned from this secondary research study provides new information and factual statistics about the current state of the global food situation as well as future projections that continue to paint a dismal picture of success in meeting food demand internationally. There is no specific target audience that would best gain from the knowledge provided in this study as the impact of the global food crisis has influence on scientists, government, general global citizens, and even stock market inve stors interested in commodity prices and value of their investment dollars. Russia, over the last two years, has experienced significant volume reduction on agricultural output of grain due to heatwaves and drought conditions that eroded more than one-third of the country’s entire crop output (Gorst, 2011). To ensure that the Russian people had enough stored grain to sustain its population’s needs, export bans were imposed on all wheat products until the country was able to improve total grain output. This export ban created a situation where wheat prices soared in European markets, leading to ongoing internationally-driven disapproval (Gorst). A similar

Change Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Change Managment - Essay Example As the discussion declares  managers today face constant change and they are often exposed to various challenges. Against this background, this paper has been designed to critically analyse the extent to which the concepts of management and leadership impact on the change process in a given organization.  This paper highlights that  change is either unplanned or planned alteration in the mode of carrying out activities or the status quo. Change is about making things differently and in case of planned change, it can be seen that the change activities are goal oriented and they are intentional. Both internal and external factors can necessitate change in a particular organization. The internal factors that can influence change in an organization include human resources issues while external factors include economic, social, political as well as technological issues.   It is important for organizations to conceptualise change as the gap that exists between the current status qu o and the desired objective. In order to achieve this feat, change has to be properly planned and there are many issues that are involved in carrying out this initiative. Drawing from the case given in patch1 attached, it can be observed that managing change is a process that requires concerted efforts especially by the leaders responsible for the change process.  There are quite a number of activities that are involved in change management such as initiating change, planning, action plan as well as stabilising the change results.

Foreign direct investment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Foreign direct investment - Assignment Example Foreign direct investment involves acquisition of managerial control in a company. The threshold of this form of ownership is 10% or more in UK. This varies across countries. With the liberalization of the various global economies in Africa and Asia this form of investment has grown considerably. Foreign direct investment (FDI) facilitates the interaction of two firms and economies with varying economic differences. The foreign investors invest their funds with a long term perspective to exploit the cheap labour costs, strategic advantages, rich natural resources, market etc of another economy. In short this form of investment involves investing within the firm but outside the region. Importance of FDI This form of investment provides the necessary capital required by some developing economies which might be difficult to generate through domestic means. Besides the financial resources the foreign direct investment also provides the opportunity to make use of sophisticated and latest technology. It has been seen that the companies with no prior experience face problems in the import of such technology as this is deemed to be risky as well as expensive. With time FDI imparts a number of benefits to the host country that was hitherto not available. This includes upgrading of industrial operations, transferring of advanced technology, training the labour force, introduction of developed methods of accounting & modern management, developing the trading and finance related networks and up gradation of telecommunication related services. In sectors like services FDI uplifts the competitive strength of the host country by increasing the productivity of financial resources.

Separate Peace Essay Example for Free

Separate Peace Essay Gene has a huge ego. His life revolves around competition. Everyday life is transformed to a constant war with everyone around him. He sees everyone he encounters as his rivals and enemies. He says about sports, â€Å"It was as though football players were really bent on crushing the life out of each other†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦as though even a tennis ball might turn into a bullet†. (Knowles pp. 84) Gene sees matters of life and death in harmless games of sports. Gene is never comfortable with his own identity. He is envious of those who are better than him and treat them as enemies. He grows extremely jealous of Finny for his athletic talents and ability to flout the rules. He cannot bear to feel inferior to anyone, even his friend; they are all his enemies. He is determined to be better than Finny in academics, in order to not feel inferior to Finny. Being the best in academics would equate Gene with Finny, who was best in athletics. Gene imagines that Finny is no less selfish than him and that they both hated each other in their rivalry. He imagines Finny is only pretending to be his friend to sabotage him. Gene interprets all of Finny’s actions as made in rivalry to him. Finny actually thinks of him as his best friend and never saw him as an enemy. Gene’s later discovery that Finny genuinely wants him to do well destroys the balance of his world, in which they both are enemies competing against each other. So Finny is better not only athletically but as a good person. Always feeling inferior, Gene is jealous and envious to the point that a codependent relationship is made possible. Lacking an identity and enviously seeing only Finny’s superior morals and talents, he would give anything to not feel inferior to Finny. Gene is in a position hat he desires Finny’s identity so much that he would enter into a codependent relationship with Finny to obtain his identity. Gene wants the qualities of Finny that he lacks. At the same time, Finny struggles with insecurity after his fall. Having shattered his leg, he cannot help but feel insecure about himself. His identity is shattered by the reality that he can no longer continue being the s tar athlete he was and achieve his dream of being a soldier. Being unable to carry out his dreams in his own physical body, he is forced to carry them out through the medium of Gene as an extension of himself. Throwing himself into a codependent relationship is Finny’s way of ridding himself of his insecurity and living a normal life through Gene. It would be as if the accident had never occurred. Finny needing to live his former life through someone and Gene’s desire to take on Finny’s identity makes way for a codependent relationship to form. Codependency becomes an obstacle to the creation of a separate identity. Finny’s fall provides the perfect time for the codependency to start. Both sides have something they want and can give in return. Gene wants Finny’s identity for the qualities that he admires in Finny but lacks himself. Finny wants to be able to live his life as an athlete through someone who acts as extension of Finny. Gene and Finny can satisfy each other’s desires. Since both people are receiving what they want in a codependent relationship they are content and happy with their life. There is no need to look inwards and examine oneself or improve oneself. After putting on Finny’s pink shirt, Gene says, â€Å"When I looked in the mirror it was no remote aristocrat I had become, no character out of daydreams. I was Phineas, Phineas to the life. I had no idea why this gave me such intense relief, but it seemed, standing there in Finny’s triumphant shirt, that I would never stumble through the confusion of my own character again. † (pp. 62). Gene feels happy that he has completely taken on Finny’s superior identity and escaped from who he is with all his issues. A false feeling of completeness and contentment prevent Gene from forming his own identity. Only after codependency is broken, can an individual identity emerge. Gene and Finny’s codependency is ended after Finny’s sudden death. Gene starts to re-examine himself, his thoughts and his emotions. Finally Gene puts things into perspective (Slethaug). Gene’s life from the start of his friendship with Finny has revolved around Finny. Everything he did, felt, thought about regarded Finny. His goal of becoming best in the class, and his envy were the result of Finny. Finny was the column, the foundation that supported and shaped his life. The foundation crumbles away with Finny’s death and Gene’s life comes crashing down. He can no longer depend on Finny to dictate his emotions, his thoughts and to serve as an idol he must surpass. With Finny gone, Gene now sees the foolishness and illusion he had been living in and the reality of life. He realizes that many of the enemies he had seen were the product of his own fear. He knows that Finny was a genuine and true friend who meant the best for him. Gene realizes that fear of everything had led to his seeing enemies in friends and that it was harmful. He sees that his fear had led him to feel threatened by a fearless Finny and his jealousy. His fear had made him feel that everyone was out to get him. Most importantly this fear had led him to seriously cripple Phineas and in the end led to Finny’s death. His guilt at having had a direct role in Finny’s death leads to him seeing the illogicality of fearing the world, the unknown, the imaginary enemy. He has escaped from his fear of the world, and matured into an adult in the process. Only now when he no longer fears anything or anyone, can Gene focus on himself and forge an identity. Only now when he does not see in everyone some quality that he lacks can he truly sees his own strengths and vulnerabilities and take them lightly. Gene can focus on forging his own identity when he other people’s identities no longer interest him. Phineas teaches Gene that in this world there is more than just evil, and war but also peace and good. Everyone is capable of good and evil. When Gene discovers that he like Finny is capable of good, he can overcome his guilt about his sin and find lasting peace within himself. Gene realizes that his hatred and jealousy is â€Å"something ignorant in the human heart† and is within him and also brings about wars. Only by reconciling himself with the fact of the existence of this evil within him can Gene realize that his own true enemy is not someone like Finny but in fact himself. He knows now that he had been seeing himself in everyone else. By coming to know his evil, he can come to know himself and his own identity. Gene by coming to know this evil within him can understand now the ideas of peace and love and the true value of friendship. Gene says of his time at Devon, â€Å"my war ended before I ever put on a uniform; I was on active duty all my time at school; I killed my enemy there. † (pp. 204) Gene has killed the hate, the evil, the fear within his heart that often causes wars. By killing the fear within him, he has defeated his own private demons. Gene has come to see that this enemy never comes from without, but always from within. He knows, moreover, that there is no defense to be built, only an acceptance and purification of oneself through love. (Ellis) Gene has matured and discovered his own identity after his codependent relationship is forcibly severed. In A Separate Peace, the author first shows how the codependency between Gene and Finny is formed. Later the author shows how Gene finally finds his own identity after the codependency is broken. Works Cited Knowles, John. A Separate Peace.