Problem Solving for Yoga Teacher

What is a problem? A problem is a situation in which there is a goal, but it is not clear how to reach the goal. Main Problems faced by a Yoga teacher: 1. Classes with only a few students Yoga teachers may sometimes teach a small class, maybe less than 5 students, here brings a great challenge to a yoga teacher since you need to build up a good connection with your students to really look into the needs of each of the students rather than in generalized terms. This takes time for you to know more about each of his/her students. 2. Teaching classes in different locationsBeing a yoga teacher, you may have to work in different locations for each class, this will involve a high travelling cost and frustration. 3. Problems on marketing your classes and workshops This is essential for you to be an effective marketer in order to grow your business. Even you are working in a large yoga school providing all the marketing collateral for you, you still have to clearly articulate. If you are not working in such a large company, you must be able to answer a question â€Å"Why students should chose you but not these in the large yoga school? 4. Not enough time to practice yoga for own self Many people may have a misunderstanding that when a yoga teacher is teaching yoga, he/she is practicing yoga as well, however, this is not true, and the yoga you are teaching in a class is never the one you are practicing on your own. You may find that you don’t have enough time to practice yoga. 5. Managing illness and scheduled day-off You must have a clear concept that if you don’t teach, you won’t be paid. This is very important to have a good time management on your working schedule. 6.Thinking yourself is not good enough Teaching yoga is an on-going process, sometimes you may face a situation that the way you are teaching is unfamiliar with your colleague. This may make you think you are not better than the others. Lack of confidence in own teaching style is a b ig problem in teaching yoga. 7. A class with students in different cultures Sometimes a yoga class may not only have local students, but also students from all over the world. This may lead to a communication problem to these from other countries. Strategies to solve problemsHeuristic – Heuristic is a strategy in thinking under uncertainty. It is a solution strategy based on past experiences. Thinking with heuristic will give a quick answer, it may, however, lead an incorrect answer or even no answer, as past experiences may not be exactly the same to the current situation. Algorithm – Algorithm is a step by step problem solving procedure that guarantees a correct answer to a problem. Which Strategy should be chosen as being a yoga teacher? The answer is Heuristic. Although algorithm guarantees a correct, this is very time-consuming.The most important thing is the problem you faced in being a yoga teacher is not a simple mathematics question with an exact answer. For e xample, you are facing a class with on more than 5 students, which teaching methods should be used? In this situation, you even have no time to take a step and step procedure to solve the problem, a quick action must be done! Also, there is no exactly correct answer to you which methods must be better, this is based on your past experience. To know more about your problem solving styles!There are two kinds of problem solving styles: Representativeness Heuristic and Availability Heuristic Representativeness Heuristic is a heuristic for judging the probability of membership in a category by how well an object resembles (is representative of) that category. In general, the representativeness heuristic leads to a bias toward the belief that causes and effects will resemble one another. Availability Heuristic is a phenomenon in which people predict the frequency of an event, or a proportion within a population, based on how easily an example can be brought to mind.An event may be promine nt in our memories because it happened recently or because it is particularly striking or vivid. Questions: Which kinds of problem solving styles you are using Situation 1: When you are teaching a class with foreigners, let says students from USA, they are very aggressive and always ask a lots of questions, so you assume all the students from USA have that kind of culture. Next time when you teach USA students, you refer to your past experience to apply in this situation. Ans: Representativeness Heuristic Situation 2:

Death’s Arbitrary Empire †McManners Essay

On this day 220 years ago, a group of French insurgents stormed a national arms house, the Bastille, and set off the events of the French Revolution. This changed France forever, bringing an end to the monarchy that had dominated the political landscape for years, bringing about the Napoleonic period and ultimately, Democratic France that we see today. Perhaps the driving force behind the movement could be pointed at the period of oppression rained down on the French peasantry by the nobility in the 17th and 18th centuries. In a time period dominated by French excesses and lavish living by the nobility, most notably during the reign of the Sun King Louis XIV, more than 85% of the population was living in shackles of poverty. The social stratum was shaped like a pyramid with the wealthy elite occupying the top of the triangle. Most of the people spent their lives mired in the lowest level, and social movement was very unlikely. The richest members of this society had a 10-17 year life advantage over those who lived in extreme poverty. Economic prowess meant a better diet, better nutrition, and thus a better overall quality of life. Elite bourgeois dined on fine cheeses and meats and drank expensive bottles of wine from the Chateau region while peasants drank contaminated water and ate grain often harvested from diseased crops. Water for the peasants was often dug from shallow wells and poured through linen for sanitary purposes. Most French noblemen knew better, and kept a â€Å"wine-only† drinking policy. Diseased crops were fed to peasants in time of paucity, and often caused the deaths of many from diseases like tuberculosis and dysentery. Also, the more status and economic power one had, the more likely it was the patriarch would be able to carry out the family name. Peasants barely had children and when they did, 9 out of 10 did not live past the age of ten. Surgeons and midwives were often responsible for the mangling of a child at birth. Many mishandlings resulted from these early medical practitioners, leaving children maimed, humpbacked, or even worse, dead. Women were encouraged not to reproduce for the fear of the childbirth experience. The wealthy were able to hire the best of midwife and birthing assistants to see that their children were particularly cared for. Hospitals also became  breeding grounds for disease as all the children who made it through childbirth were kept in the same quarters oftentimes. Another perk of being of high society was that most likely, one would avoid the unsanitary conditions of the inner cities in the time period. Human excrement lined the streets and human corpses were often found put out with the trash. Crowded households jam-packed with many poor families often had corpses in beds the same day they were slept in later that night. These terribly unsanitary conditions lead to the massive spread of disease and the death once the disease overwhelmed an area. The center of every French town in the time period contained a cemetery, and they were certainly busy. Disease and â€Å"Death’s dark armies† lurked in the streets of Paris all the way out to the countryside. It was just a part of daily life in the 1600s and 1700s. Families could have 5 to 7 children buried at the local cemetery, none of which lived past the age of ten. Death was everywhere, and it was out of control due to the habits of the population. Feces lined the streets from Paris to even the gilded halls of Versailles. A very interesting point can be illustrated by the study of this time period. The terrible living conditions and disease and famine were directly brought about by the behavior of the French citizens. The modern concept of the â€Å"accident† in daily life – like a technology failure, mixed-up signal, etc. had not even been invented yet. Daily life was a free-for-all, with almost no rules governing the areas in which the peasants lived, and no one around to enforce them. Vagabonds littered the streets, begging or stealing anything they could find, and in turn, creating garbage and spreading disease. Until the French citizens got themselves under control, life would still continue to be a daily struggle for most. It is decidedly easy to be critical of the French’s plight in this time period. The population was directly responsible for the situation it was in, and the habits of people caused this disease and death ravaged atmosphere. However, the efforts of the early physicians, like the surgeons and  midwives, cannot be ignored for their attempts to reverse the spread of these terrible diseases and death plagues, no matter how in vain they were. A physician of the time period put it best when relating the cause of a disease in patients – a patient with an already poor base in nutrition was much more susceptible to disease and the resulting death. Although it has been proven in current third world countries that a small diet can maintain the nutritionally balanced body chemistry that might starve someone from America, these peasants lacked even the bare essentials for a diet. They lived mostly on bread and poor water, some cheese if they were lucky. The prescription for most di seases was hot meat stew, oftentimes not doing anything. Certainly the French citizens living in poverty needed to escape their terrible living situations, and eventually began to organize against the monarchy and nobility that had oppressed them for so many years. Groups inspired by the American triumph ten years before began to emerge promising a better life for the poor French, and the movements gained strength. A crowd of about one thousand French peasants were mobilized on July 14th, 1789, as they stormed the monarchy’s arms house, the Bastille. Seven prisoners were released, but the shockwaves from the event hit even the far reaches of the country, thus changing the French political landscape forever, as well as the rest of Western European history, and the effect on the increasingly connected world. Works Cited â€Å"Death’s Arbitrary Empire† By John McManners

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why Scholarship Essay

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why - Scholarship Essay Example He motivated me by reminding the real value of education by reminding me thus, â€Å"Dream of going to college is attainable if you put hard work to achieve.† Not only the words but also his deeds proved me what he said is true and genuine. As I am the eldest of 6 brothers, and having the responsibility of looking after them, naturally I thought I may not have the proper chances of pursuing my education. Fortunately, I was the first grandchild who had the chance to go to college and I have never been in trouble at school out of 12 years. I could also obtain A/B Honor roll during my education career with the unique support from my father. My father’s hardworking mentality after divorce to provide us the stable living situations is another factor that influenced me greatly. He goes to work 6 days a week to support all of us. The way he helped the neighbors and even the strangers in need has put a drive in me to help my fellowman whenever I can. Now I have realized that in fluence is the power to have an important effect on someone or something. And I feel the power in me through the magnificent influence of my father who has provided me a lot and made me what I am

Americanized Evolution of Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Americanized Evolution of Fashion - Essay Example The designers’ work will create the mood of American fashion in the last half of the twentieth century. The three designers are a fashion crew that came up with extant sophistication, energy, and great talent that emerged on the global fashion stage in that time. The event showcased individual contributions and influence of each designer to fashion during the latter period of the twentieth century that marked the great evolution of fashion. The design of the 1960s was characterized by stiff, A-line, and minimalist design while that of the 1770s was soft and flowing. The 1980 design had more embellishment, luxury, and glamour (Secker, 2015).Oscar de la Renta is a successful designer from the Dominican Republic who took design to a whole new level with his dramatic sense of color and embellishment. He won three Coty awards in 1967, 1968, and 1973 and his inclusion in the exhibit as a creative designer is well-deserved. Geoffrey Beene is a Haynesville-born New York City resident whose work featured in the September 1963 issue of Vogue magazine cover. He is featured in the exhibit because he is an innovative minimalist designer of body-revealing soft draping (Schoeny, 2015). Bill Blass is an established designer from Fort Wayne who has won three awards by Coty accreditation. He is an impeccable tailor for luxurious fabrics that are sporty and sophisticated yet classic and simple aesthetic. The immaculate works by these designers during their career boom won them the accreditation to be featured in this year’s historic exhibition.

Describe effects of water pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe effects of water pollution - Essay Example When oxygen levels fall below a threshold level, fish and other aquatic animals cannot survive which is a condition is called hypoxia. Eutrophication can have many adverse effects on the biodiversity and ability to survive of many native organisms (Oregonstate, 2011). Opportunistic organisms, such as algae and cyanobacteria, cause undue stress on the fragile aquatic environment and disrupt the natural ecological balance of any aquatic environment. Therefore as a direct result many species get stressed to the point of completely dying, while sometimes being replaced by invading or opportunistic species. Most eutrophication in our bodies of water is directly caused by human infringement upon the environment and the nutrient, pesticide and chemical runoff coming directly from industrial activities, sewage treatment plants and with the main culprit being industrial farming and cattle production. On the other side natural eutrophication occurs when sediments add decaying matter is naturally deposited by the natural erosion caused by rain and water flow. Seasonal flooding, such as in flood planes and valleys also carry a large influx of sediments, decaying matter and excrement from animal life which can provide a large natural source of eutrophication of any body of water. The contamination created by the choking plant matter. Low oxygen levels and increased sedimentation can also affect water quality levels and cause the water to become toxic and unfit for human consumption. Efforts to control water pollution and eutrophication have been a hotly debated issue since the 20th century. In order to control the impact of human activity to our water resources careful planning, assessment and control of fertilizer use, controlling runoff from farms and cattle ranches. These procedures limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers to prevent toxic buildups on the

Rubber Ducky Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rubber Ducky - Research Paper Example The administrator’s system should have enough security that no one can physically interact with it and plug the USB stick with it. The physical access to an unauthorized person is strictly prohibited in the office environment (Pajari, 2014). The program keyboard is developed in it. The Rubber Ducky can alter the settings of the system and can open the doors for illegal access. All this work is done in seconds and can make a great loss of the secret data of the concerned organization and business. It can create files, and delete files from the system and also can deliver emails. All this can make a huge loss with the data of a particular company. In such situations, the backup is essential to recover the secret information and to protect from the severe situations. The ducky can bypass many tricks and easily makes it by the system’s keyboard, like the key combination of Ctrl+Alt+Delete. There are no direct symptoms that can detect and display the existence of USB Rubber Ducky and its functions. It could be predicted from the increased speed of the keyboard. The passwords set for security and protection must meet the standard format of a high security that is harder to be matched by the USB Rubber Ducky. To make it disable, the feature of foreign HIDscan provides protection from the USB Rubber Ducky to some extent. The changes made in the group policies can lead the process to fail. Some typing performed on the user side can also stop the processing of ducky in failure mode. Must programming that can aid in the protection from the Ducky. In the Linux, the procedure of making USB devices into black and white list can help to stop the ducky processing. If the concerned system doesn’t respond to the ducky due to different reasons like time difference, delays, and active windows can make the ducky fail to process (Hak5 Forum, 2010). In this paper, protection measures are only able to protect the system in specific

The state of the real estate market in UK (2010) Assignment

The state of the real estate market in UK (2010) - Assignment Example More and more real estate developers and investors are pessimistic about Britain. They are of the opinion that fast recovery in the near future is not at all evident. Every body is recommending the investors not to invest in Britain. Industry pundits point out about the sorry picture of real estate markets in UK. They say that investment in the yield generating properties in UK is similar like purchasing a bond that is unlinked to inflation and which yields around 7%. Therefore it is not necessary to go to UK for that. Bonds can be purchased from other countries that yield mare than that. Even prime locations in UK including London don’t attract big investors in real estate now (Rochvarger.2009). In UK the economic situation has declined over the years due the after effect of the financial crisis. The rate of unemployment is higher and industrial production has gone down. All these factors have influenced the real estate markets severely. Many borrowers have failed to pay or d efaulted in their mortgages. This has resulted in forced sales of large number of properties at declining prices. As a result of increased sales, the supply side is on the high. This has resulted in a steep decline in prices because of no supplementary increase in demand. Another important factor that has negatively affected the real estate market in UK is the state of the currency market. ... The current situation in the UK real estate market has made it a buyers market rather than sellers market. Sellers’ often tend to lose their money through real estate transactions. People are taking their own time now to find the right property for them in the UK market. Although the number of buyers is limited or few, they are offered a wide choice where the prices are low and are really negotiable. Moreover the drop of pound against euro has definitely made an effect on the UK buyers of properties (Latest news from the Languedoc. 2009). The real estate market in UK includes buying and selling of properties and letting of dwellings as well as other related business support activities. In 2006, the gross value in this sector amounted to 83037 million pounds. The property market in UK boomed till 2008 when the great financial crisis hit the economy. The increase was due to variety of reasons ranging from low interest rates, growth in credit and economic growth, high employment, foreign investments and planning restrictions on new housing. All these upward levels came down since 2008. Currently the market does not show any kinds of positive signs even though other European real estate markets in France and some Scandinavian countries have shown signs of revival (UK Economy. 2011). UK Economy, UK Economic Profile, British Economy, United Kingdom Economy, Even though the real estate markets have shown a downwards trend since 2008, no real boosting measures for the sector was put forward by the government. Recently the chancellor announced 100 million pound assistance for filling potholes in his budget but little allocation was made to the housing and

Soft Commodity Research Paper (News Letter Form)

Soft Commodity (News Letter Form) - Research Paper Example 4). Additionally, production shifted from Gulf Coast regions to more efficient growing areas. However, due to the decrease in demand in rice during 2008, the price of rice has significantly increased. But with the aid of the structural changes, the US rice industry has managed to cope and since then the trend of the demand has normalized. Currently, rice is valued in the market at $578.36 per metric ton. According to World Bank’s bi-annual Global Economic Prospects (26) report, a decline on the prices of global prices of farm commodities should be expected in 2012 by up to 11% mainly due because of the slowdown in demand and improved supply prospects. Although returns to rice production are highly variable and fluctuating, the trend is being controlled with the substantial structural changes that are being implemented in order to balance these factors. In the years to come, as the World Bank has predicted, rice prices will continually drop. And unlike other agricultural products, the rice industry has enjoyed a decline in its

When we were Soldiers Essay Example for Free

When we were Soldiers Essay The Randall Wallace movie â€Å"When we were Soldiers† is a factual account of Vietnam War but with specific Hollywood aspects which one finds in majority of movies. The move takes you back to the year is 1965 and Lt. Col. Hal Moore leading the 1st Battalion of the 7th Cavalry. The battle takes place at the La Drang Valley called The Valley of Death. This film allows the viewer to see what fighting and the what the war zone was really like in Vietnam as they experience one of the most violent battles in U. S history. The film uses images in a very important way to convey historical truth as to what really happened at Vietnam. The film uses graphic images to portray what the battle scene was really like. It shows how the American troops were outnumbered and how they were fighting literally within feet of the enemy. The images in the movie that we seen are as close to as what it was really like, because there was a photographer there taking pictures during combat. The pictures that the photographer shot during battle helped us visualize what the battle scenes were really like and the pain and anguish that soldiers went through when fighting. The images of soldiers dying during combat and the reality of the battle helps to portray the bloodiness of the battle. Some black and white photographs of the actual battle scene in 1965 were in the film so that the viewer could see real images of the battle and what soldiers had to go through to survive the combat. One problem with most Hollywood films about war is that they make war seem more heroic than it actually is. The producers of this film managed to keep that false sense of wanting to fight in a war to a minimum. The images and the plot allow the viewer to really see what is going on in the battle. The producers show how gruesome the battle really was and the small heroism there actually was in a war. The grim fighting conditions that soldiers endured while fighting in Vietnam made many Americans want to stay out of war as it was a horrible place to be. This film had a couple of weak spots in the plot. One thing was that it never really talked about why we were going to Vietnam to fight in a war. It barely touched on the subject about the controversial issues that surrounded the United States into entering this war. The battle at La Drang Valley was one of the first battles in the Vietnam War, and the American public knew little about our position in Vietnam until this battle had taken place. When this battle broke out there was no hiding our position any longer. The American public would now know that we were at war with northern Vietnam. Another part of the plot that I thought was bad was the life on the home front. I feel as the producers used Hollywood at the home front a little too much. The films most dramatic scene involving the Armys failure to properly deliver the telegrams of regret is ruined by a number of wives crying through screen doors. Also when the husband comes home he rings the door bell to provide a false sense of sorrow only to see him standing there to greet his wife and family. This hurts the films authenticity but makes up for it when the battle scenes resume. Another part of the film that was poor was the timeline of events that happened. In the movie it seemed as if the battle only took a few days where in reality the battle took over a month. It is a little bit confusing because when it returns to the home front it seems that time is going by but, when on the combat zone it is like the battle took a couple of days and then everybody left to go home. In reality the battalion that the film was following left the combat zone to another battalion and they returned back to base. The film is important because it takes a look at the first battle of Vietnam and how under equipped, out numbered and ill informed our troops really were. When they first step foot onto the battle scene they undertake heavy fire from the enemy and realize that they may be in over their heads. They never suspected that they had such great numbers in their military. The amount of casualties was tremendous, after the first day of fighting thousands of bodies lay on the battle field.

Company G 3 Year Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Company G 3 Year Marketing Plan Essay XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices. Introduction With two decades of innovative and award winning design, Company G has grown to be a market leader in consumer electronics. The Company enjoys unparalleled brand recognition and is highly rated and trusted by consumers worldwide. Company G’s products are known for their original design, durability and use of innovative technology. Company G’s brands enjoy both high consumer desirability and high consumer loyalty. With a reputation as a trend setter, many of Company G’s mobile electronic products are sought-after as â€Å"Status Symbols† purchases. Some of the Company’s products benefit from a cult like following among early adopters and some serve as industry bench-marks against similar products. With the introduction of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway, the Company plans to continue to strive to be the first to market in the consumer electronic market segments that it enjoys competing in. The Company will also maintain the practice of extending products life cycles and promoting their market positions by offering novel peripheral products such as the XG Wi-Fi Gateway timed to support and broaden the market interest and appeal associated with other existing XG products. Mission Statement â€Å"We combine beautiful design and intuitive functionally to provide consumers with desirable products that enhance the quality and convenience of their lives.† The Product The new XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices allows consumers to easily manage which Wi-Fi enabled mobile device can assess their secured home Wi-Fi network. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is a peripheral product of the Company’s popular XG Wireless Router series. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is industry compliant with North America and Euro Zone wireless communication standards and is compatible with other manufacturer’s routers. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices allows a consumer to manage their secure home Wi-Fi network through any other device designated as the â€Å"Administrator†. When a new Wi-Fi enabled device attempts to access the home Wi-Fi network through the XG Wi-Fi Gateway, an alert message is sent to the administrator. The administrator can choose several pre-set network access options as well as select from their own custom rules allowing or limiting network access to specific devices. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices is a 3 inch by 3 inch by 1/3 inch pad that links to the home router via a 2.0 USB plug. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices can also connect directly to any router with the additional purchase of a USB to Ethernet converter cable. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices has a minimal footprint. Once connected, the consumer does not have to interact with or manipulate the devices and it can be hidden or placed out of the way behind a computer or router. The administrator interacts with the XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices through the Wi-Fi Gateway application. The software is provided and compatible with desktop and laptop computers running Windows, OS X and Chrome operating systems. A free Wi-Fi Gateway application can also be downloaded, installed and run on smart phones and tablets using iOS, Android and Windows Mobile. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices is also compatible with the Xbox360 and PS3 gaming consoles. Consumer Product Classification The consumer product classification for the XG Wi-Fi Gateway for mobile devices falls under a shopping product. Additionally it should be considered with a sub-classification of unsought products. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway extends the functionality and security of modern router, thus the separate, pre-purchase of a router is required. Consumers have ample information available to make decisions regarding purchase decisions for routers; however, they have limited knowledge of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway peripheral or add-on. Consumers will require education and persuasion during the buying process. This is seen as a unique product, currently, there are no other devices or substitutes that offer the functionality of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway. Target Market Majority of our consumers will be males, head of household age 25-54, in a home with a wireless router. The household has multiple computers, smart phones or tablets. Our consumer expresses interest in electronic gadgets and considers themselves to be a â€Å"tech savvy† buyer. The target consumer is conscious about online security threats and has purchased or upgraded anti-virus software in the last 24 months. Our shopper is engaged with online social networks and media with most news delivered to the household digitally. Purchases of electronic products are heavily influenced by the favorable opinions and reviews from friends and colleagues. They are also strongly influenced by negative reviews of products by tech blogs and consumer comments in social media. Household income of our target consumer is $32,000- $70,000 annually with at least one child living in the home. Analysis of Competitive Environment Threat of new competition The threat of new competition is high. Our belief is the technologies associated with the XG Wi-Fi Gateway could be replicated by any of the other leading manufacturers of wireless routers. Company G hold proprietary technology in the design of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway and will fight to protect its interests and rights, however other manufactures could adopt their own existing patents and processes to compete. We feel these other established brands with distribution channels could generate a competitive rivalry if they choose to enter this market. Threat of substitute products or services The threat of a substitute product is low. Consumers determine if they have a need for the features offered by the XG Wi-Fi Gateway or they choose to forgo those features and service. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway has a high level of product differentiation. Consumers attempting to replicate the services of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway will find it technologically challenging and cost prohibitive to duplicate. Bargaining power of consumers Consumers have moderate bargaining power. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is a discretionary purchase. The consumer has to desire the enhanced control of their home Wi-Fi network and or the additional security offered by the product. Buyers who have suffered a loss from a network breach will be less price sensitive than those only looking to enhance their level of control. We expect downward price pressure due to demand to bundle and discount the XG Wi-Fi Gateway with other XG routers. Bargaining power of suppliers Threats from suppliers are low. While our product is new, most of the individual components are already mass produced or can easily be produced on existing manufacturing lines requiring only minimal retooling. Key proprietary components can be produced by several of Company G’s subsidiaries. Suppliers and materials are plentiful and available globally. Intensity of competitive rivalry Rivalry is low. Currently there are no competing products for the XG Wi-Fi Gateway market. Company G enjoys significant brand recognition and brand loyalty. The XG lines also profits from a history of positive consumer reviews and ratings and benefits from higher perceived value when compared to similar products in the market. Outlays are kept low by utilizing existing manufacturing facilities and distribution channels. Costs, such as RD, marketing, engineering and packaging design are allocated and shared across the whole XG catalog of products. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1.Company G and the XG Brand have high consumer loyalty and are recognized for innovative product design and functionality. 2.The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is the first of a kind to market. 3.The XG Wi-Fi Gateway received positive reviews from influential tech blogs and media. Support 1.Company G has carefully nurtured and reinforced its company brands. Company G has invested a considerable amount of resources promoting and showcasing the various products in the XG line. XG branded products benefit for the loyalty and familiarity consumers have with the existing line thus helping to lower overall new consumer acquisitions costs. We consider this strength to be a core competency. 2.As a first of a kind to market, Company G can maintain a higher price point by controlling the amount of products available without fear of lost of market share to competition. Company G can operate as a monopoly until others enter the market. First to the market also helps reinforce the XG brand’s reputation as a leader in providing cutting edge technology to consumers. We consider this strength to be a core competency. 3.Our target market reads and is influenced by tech blog reviews. Tech blog reviews are a valuable cost neutral resource for increasing product awareness and help raise consumer sentiment and increase product differentiation. Weaknesses 1.The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is a secondary purchase or upgrade after the initial purchase of a router. 2.Low target consumer awareness of product. 3.Target consumer requires educated before purchase. Support 1.Consumers are resistant to making an additional secondary purchase after deciding to buy a router. Consumers realize the enhanced services the XG Wi-Fi Gateway offers are not essential to a secure home network and may postpone a purchase until a demonstrated need is established. 2.As a first of a kind to market, consumers are not aware of the product. The target market is highly sought after and regularly bombarded with sophisticated marketing campaigns. The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is a peripheral product and does not command the spotlight associated with a flagship product launch. 3.Our target consumer will do research prior to making a purchase. Company G will have to put forth assessable information through multiple media outlets for the consumer to find and review. Additionally, sales persons and other trusted sources will need to be introduced to specifications and features of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway to be credible and persuasive. Opportunities 1.The XG Wi-Fi Gateway can be developed for commercial and retail use. 2.Integration into other manufactures’ routers through licensing agreements. 3.Add versatility with the incorporation with NFC (near field communication) chips. Support 1.The technology in the XG Wi-Fi Gateway could be upgraded to provide a solution in commercial spaces (coffee shops, restaurants stores) that want to control, monitor or monetize their Wi-Fi bandwidth service. This would expand the XG line into a new market. 2.Company G could increase revenues by licensing the XG Wi-Fi Gateway technology to other router manufactures. By providing completive licensing agreements, it reduces the incentive of the competition from developing rival technology. 3.Near field communication (NFC) chips are an emerging technology with potential to disrupt retail checkout/payment process. The inclusion of NFC could help broaden the market for the XG Wi-Fi Gateway as the technology becomes more widely available in the retail industry. Threats 1.Shifts in technology away from Wi-Fi protocols and services. 2.A low cost competitor enters and disrupts the market. 3.A widespread security breach or software flaw could be catastrophic for the product. Support 1.The pace of change and innovations in technology is ever quickening. Consumer sentiment tends to move towards the newest standard. Wi-Fi technology is well established, reliable and widely taken for granted, it is the old guard. Some modern countries have already shifted away from Wi-Fi services in favor of cellular protocols or Super Wi-Fi, which functions in the TVWS bandwidth. Any shift away from the Wi-Fi protocol would require retooling of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway with new technology which may be prohibitive due to IP rights or development costs. 2.If a low cost competitor enters the market, Company G would have to spend additional marketing resources defending its market share. Company G would also have to engage in completive pricing to maintain its market position. Lower pricing and increased marketing efforts will have a negative impact on the XG Wi-Fi Gateway’s profits. 3.A security breach could permanently tarnish the XG Wi-Fi Gateway’s reputation. A major flaw or breach could kill the product’s viability in just a few days. Any breach would be an embarrassment to Company G, could result in lower share prices and expose the company to additional liabilities and lawsuits. Marketing Objectives Product Objective Provide our target consumer with an innovated and desirable product that is friendly and enhances their online activities with ease of use, technological compatibility and upgradeability resulting in annual sales of 1.5 million units in the first year, 3 million by the second year and 5 million by the third. Price Objective Pricing for a stand along XG Wi-Fi Gateway will start at $34.99. Company G will also offer up to a 20% savings premium when retailers order, bundle and promote the XG Wi-Fi Gateway with other XG products. Place Objective The XG Wi-Fi Gateway will utilize existing Company G online and retail distribution channels throughout North America and Europe. Additionally, the XG Wi-Fi Gateway will be carried and offered by the 3 leading cable companies in North America when selling optional residential broadband internet services. 100 days post launch, Company G will also introduce the XG Wi-Fi Gateway into ATT and T-Mobile retail stores and kiosks in North America along with Vodafone retail outlets in the UK and Movistar retail outlets in Spain. Company G will continue to utilize its proprietary predictive algorithms to ensure global product availability. Promotion Objective We expect to increase our target consumer awareness of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway by 25% in the first six months and by 33% by each year post launch. Catching the attentions of our target consume and demonstrating the XG Wi-Fi Gateway’s unique features will be critical to the product’s success. Company G will leverage its name recognition, reputation and media relationships along with its vast distribution channels to ensure the target consumer has ample opportunities to learn about and interact with the XG Wi-Fi Gateway prior to purchase. These Marketing Objectives are crafted to provide the optimal return for all of Company G’s stakeholders. Marketing Strategies Product Strategies †¢Compatibility The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is compatible with all major router equipment sold in North America and Europe. Our target consumer will be assured that The XG Wi-Fi Gateway will work will even previously purchased equipment regardless of the manufacture. †¢Friendly, Ease of Use The XG Wi-Fi Gateway is a plug and forget it device. The software is multi-operating system compatible. The user interface has been extensively reviewed and focuses group tested to ensure an appropriate and intuitive workflow. †¢Longevity, Durability The XG Wi-Fi Gateway hardware has no moving parts and is incased in a durable vinyl covering. The hardware has a life expectancy, with normal use, of 5 to 8 years. Software upgrades are pushed to the device as needed, no interaction is required from the consumer. Given current trends in Wi-Fi technology, Company G expects the software to be compliant with FCC and EU regulators for 10 or more years. Price Strategies †¢Skimming Model Company G will use Skimming Model for the first 100 days. Leading up to The XG Wi-Fi Gateway’s launch, marketing efforts will target the less price sensitive â€Å"early adopters† portion of our consumer group. †¢High-low Pricing High-low pricing will be utilized for the XG Wi-Fi Gateway after 100 days post launch. Special offers will be presented through online and traditional retailers when they bundle other Company G products with the purchase of a The XG Wi-Fi Gateway. Company G will also offer a rebate program in secondary markets coinciding with â€Å"back to school† activities. †¢Psychological Pricing Psychological pricing will be used to have an encouraging psychological influence on our target consumer. The consumer is well educated and well connected and knows what his peers have paid for other similar products. This pricing model will ensure he feels satisfied with the decision leading up to his purchase and comfortable sharing that information with his peer group. Place Strategy †¢Strategic Channel Alliances Company G will utilize strategic channel alliances to get the XG Wi-Fi Gateway in to areas where our target consumers live, work and play. We are partnering with recognized industry leaders to cross promote their compatible products with the XG Wi-Fi Gateway. This strategy allows consumers to see how the product works with other devices and gives them the opportunity to realize an immediate benefit of ownership. †¢Intensive Distribution Model Company G will also unitize an intensive distribution model. We will maximize our current distribution network to deliver the XG Wi-Fi Gateway to all available channels our target consumer may wish to utilize to make a purchase. †¢Pull Strategy Since our consumer desires product specifications in order to make a purchasing decision, Company G will take that â€Å"teaching† opportunity and convert it in to a desire to, at a minimum, interact with the physical product. We will run a campaign to persuade consumers to â€Å"give it a try yourself at your local electronics retailer†. This pull strategy should help Company G entice retailers to provide the XG Wi-Fi Gateway a more prominent position in their outlets as consumers ask to interact with the device. Promotion Strategies †¢Trade Shows Trade Shows are an important and ideal location to introduce the XG Wi-Fi Gateway to our target consumer. He regularly attends trade shows and often shares part of his experience on social media. If our consumer does not attend a show, he often seeks out opinions or stories from friends that have attended. The trade show environment allows us to craft the best possible informational and presentation opportunity outside of the consumer’s own home. This strategy is important because our consumer tends to make multiple electronics purchase within three months after attending a Consumer Electronics Show. †¢Product Placements Seeing the XG Wi-Fi Gateway in use is important to our target consumer. We are identifying their popular movies, television and web series and negotiating subtle placement of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway in to the main story’s setting. Company G used this strategy successfully for several of its mobile products. The overall return for this strategy was better than that of a 30 second commercial buy on a similar type show. Our consumer pays attention to their favorite show and interprets the commercials as interruptions. †¢Trade Allowances Company G will provide advertising and promotion allowances in targeted markets. Trade allowances will be based on a matrix consisting of ratings for the importance of market, the retailer’s foot traffic, sales volume and ad placement and media buy. Retailers can determine how to use the allowance within the terms and conditions of the trade allowance agreement. This strategy demonstrates that Company G values the retailer’s understanding of how to capitalize on the unique marketing challenges in their local market. Tactics and Action Plan Product Action Plan †¢Compatibility oTactic: Test and adjust all XG Wi-Fi Gateway components to ensure the final unit meets all FCC and EU regulations. Test and rate for compatibility against all targeted compatible products. Make adjustments and updates when identified. oDue Date: 6 months before launch then ongoing every 6 months throughout the products life cycle. oResponsible Party: A team made-up of members for the software development group, components and hardware group, competitor intelligence group and the product management team. †¢Friendly, Ease of Use oTactic: Ensure the XG Wi-Fi Gateway is user friendly and offers an intuitive user interface. oDue Date: 9 month ahead of launch. Review will also be conducted before the release of any update that may impact the user interface. oResponsible Party: A team made up of members from market research, software development, public relations and the product management team. †¢Longevity, Durability oTactic: Only high quality components from Company G selected suppliers will be utilized in the manufacturing of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway. All parts are randomly selected for quality assurance and destructive testing throughout the assembly cycle. oDue Date: Continuous once components arrive for assembly. oResponsible Party: Quality control team as well as independent 3rd party auditors. Price Action Plan †¢Skimming Model oTactic: Capitalize and maximize revenue on consumer interest and desire to own a cutting edge product. oDue Date: Initial pricing to be finalized 90 days prior to launch and monitored for the first 100 days post launch oResponsible Party: Financial analysts, accounting, channel marking managers and product management. †¢High-low Pricing oTactic: To maximize the revenue opportunities by providing incentives for retailers and consumers by making special offers by bundling Company G products or offering appropriate rebates. oDue Date: Special pricing, bundling offers and rebate programs will be finalized at launch then reviewed every 3 months. oResponsible Party: Marketing managers, financial analysts, channel marking managers and product managers. †¢Psychological Pricing oTactic: Ensure our target consumer is persuaded that the perceived value is greater than actual retail price. oDue Date: 90 days prior to launch then every 3 months. oResponsible Party: Marketing managers, public relations team, consumer research team, independent 3rd party consumer survey team Place Action Plan †¢Strategic Channel Alliances oTactic: Partner with non-retail partners to introduce the XG Wi-Fi Gateway in unique and impactful locations and situations to our target consumer. oDue Date: 1 year prior to launch then every 3 months. oResponsible Party: Marketing team, channel marking managers and product managers. †¢Intensive Distribution Model oTactic: We will engage all of our distribution and retail partners throughout the entire product cycle. oDue Date: 1 year prior to launch then continuous. oResponsible Party: channel marking managers and distribution management team †¢Pull Strategy oTactic: Entice consumers to ask their local retailers about the XG Wi-Fi Gateway oDue Date:90 days prior to launch then continuously for the first 100 days oResponsible Party: Marketing team and public relations team Promotion Action Plan †¢Trade Shows oTactic: Secure prominent floor space at CESs and Home Shows in major and secondary markets oDue Date:1 Year prior to product launch oResponsible Party: Marketing team, product management team †¢Product Placements oTactic: Identify and secure placement opportunities on targeted media outlets/shows oDue Date: 9 months before launch and through the first year oResponsible Party: Marketing team and media relations team †¢Trade Allowances oTactic: Provide strategic retailers marketing and promotional resources to increase awareness of the XG Wi-Fi Gateway in the local markets they serve. oDue Date: 3 months prior to launch then ongoing. oResponsible Party: Marketing team and channel marking managers Monitoring Procedures To ensure the Product and Marketing Teams meet the XG Wi-Fi Gateway meets Company G’s financial performance goals: Monitoring Activity: Regular review of ongoing product performance and benchmarking. Due Date/Frequency: Weekly meetings.

Benthams Principle Of Utility And Moral Ethics Philosophy Essay

Benthams Principle Of Utility And Moral Ethics Philosophy Essay Can be defined as those principles on which our moral decisions are based. Ethics are the sense of right and wrong, good and evil, values and responsibility. Thus it is considered as a major branch of philosophy. It can be described as the science of human duty. These ethics are therefore the measurement by which a human being is graded as being good, bad and evil. In simple terms moral ethics are nothing but the code of conduct decided by each person for himself or herself for operating in this world and fellow beings.   Moral ethics are formed from the obligations and duties of a person in the society. Nobody can force a person to adhere to moral ethics. For e.g. if a person sees an accident victim lying on the road it is his moral ethic to help out the victim but if he chooses to not do so then no social institution can punish him for this unwillingness. Thus these ethics are relative and subjective Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes (consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies. As such, it moves beyond the scope of ones own interests and takes into account the interests of others Benthams Principle of Utility Recognizes the fundamental role of pain and pleasure in human life, approves or disapproves of an action on the basis of the amount of pain or pleasure brought about i.e., consequences, equates good with pleasure and evil with pain, and asserts that pleasure and pain are capable of quantification Act and Rule Utilitarianism We can apply the principle of utility to either PARTICULAR ACTIONS or GENERAL RULES. The former is called act-utilitarianism and the latter is called rule-utilitarianism. Act-utilitarianism   The principle of utility is applied directly to each alternative act in a situation of choice. The right act is then defined as the one which brings about the best results (or the least amount of bad results). Rule-utilitarianism   The principle of utility is used to determine the validity of rules of conduct (moral principles). A rule like promise-keeping is established by looking at the consequences of a world in which people broke promises at will and a world in which promises were binding. Right and wrong are then defined as following or breaking those rules.   Deontological Theories Having briefly taken a look at deontologists foil, consequentiality theories of act evaluation, we turn now to examine deontological theories. In contrast to consequentiality theories, deontological theories judge the morality of choices by criteria different than the states of affairs those choices bring about. Roughly speaking, deontologists of all stripes hold that some choices cannot be justified by their effects that no matter how morally good their consequences, some choices are morally forbidden. On deontological accounts of morality, agents cannot make certain wrongful choices even if by doing so the number of wrongful choices will be minimized (because other agents will be prevented from engaging in similar wrongful choices). For deontologists, what makes a choice right is its conformity with a moral norm. Such norms are to be simply obeyed by each moral agent; such norm-keepings are not to be maximized by each agent. In this sense, for deontologists, the Right has priority over the Good. If an act is not in accord with the Right, it may not be undertaken, no matter the Good that it might produce.   Ethical egoism   Is the prescriptive doctrine that all persons ought to act from their own self-interest? Personal ethical egoism   Is the belief that only I should act from the motive of self-interest, nothing is stated about what motives others should act from. Individual ethical egoism   Is the prescriptive doctrine that all persons should serve my self-interest? Universal ethical egoism   Is the universal doctrine that all persons should pursue their own interests exclusively? Computer History The development of the modern day computer was the result of advances in technologies and mans need to quantify. Papyrus helped early man to record language and numbers. The abacus was one of the first counting machines. Some of the earlier mechanical counting machines lacked the technology to make the design work. For instance, some had parts made of wood prior to metal manipulation and manufacturing. Imagine the wear on wooden gears. This history of computers site includes the names of early pioneers of math and computing. What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, which executes software programs. It consists of 2 parts-hardware and software. The computer processes input through input devices like mouse and keyboard. The computer displays output through output devices like color monitor and printer. The size of a computer varies considerably from very small to very big. The speed of computers also has a very large range. Computers have become indispensable in todays world USES of COMPUTER Word Processing   Word Processing software automatically corrects spelling and grammar mistakes. If the content of a document repeats you dont have to type it each time. You can use the copy and paste features. You can printout documents and make several copies. It is easier to read a word-processed document than a handwritten one. You can add images to your document. Mathematical Calculations   Thanks to computers, which have computing speeds of over a million calculations per second we can perform the biggest of mathematical calculations. Planning and Scheduling   Software can be used to store contact information, generating plans, scheduling appointments and deadlines. DISADVANTAGE of USING COMPUTER Computer  addiction   Is a relatively new term used to describe a dependency on ones  computer.  Computer  addiction  is not limited to  personal computers  (PCs). It covers video games and the Internet and has already been given a label by psychologists, namely Internet  addiction  disorder. Obsessive playing of off-line computer games, such as Solitaire or Minesweeper, or obsessive computer programming. Cybersex Addiction Compulsive use of Internet pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-play sites impacting negatively on real-life intimate relationships. Cyber-Relationship Addiction   Addiction to social networking, chat rooms, and messaging to the point where virtual, online friends become more important than real-life relationships with family and friends. Computer ethics Computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted electronic content), privacy concerns, and how computers affect society. For example, while it is easy to duplicate copyrighted electronic (or  digital) content, computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to do so without the authors approval. And while it may be possible to access someones personal information on a computer system, computer ethics would advise that such an action is unethical. As technology advances, computers continue to have a greater impact on society. Therefore, computer ethics promotes the discussion of how much influence computers should have in areas such as artificial intelligence and human communication. As the world of computers evolves, computer ethics continues to create ethical standards that address new issues raised by new technologies. Is a new branch of ethics that is growing and changing rapidly as computer technology also grows and develop. Code of ethics in using computer Information stored on the computer should be treated as seriously as written or spoken word. Privacy should not be violated. In case of academic use, it is known plagiarism. Information from public viewing should not be modified or delete or inaccessible since there are consider as destructive act. Intrusive software such as worm and viruses which are destructive to the computer system is also illegal. Sending obscene and crude messages through mail or chat is also forbidden. Ethical rules for computer user Do not use computer to harm other users Do not use computer to steal other information Do not access a file without the permission of the owner Do not copy copyrighted software without the authors permission Always respect copyright law and policies Respect privacy of others, just as you expect the same from the others ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER Total availability of any information you could want. Quotes, history, books from the library, news articles, different opinions and viewpoints, immediate news, encyclopedias, information available that may have taken you weeks or years to discover if you had to search through different sources and locations. You can find recipes online. You can chat with people, while doing other things. You can now watch videos, and listen to all sorts of music. You can visit information resources, groups, studies, etc. You can learn about medical issues, and legal issues. You can attend school online. You can write a poem, a story, a book, a script. You can create a full-feature movie. You can compose music. You can sort out your ideas. Manage your money. Do your banking. Organize your job. Buy concert tickets. Buy practically anything you can imagine online. Use computer to pay all utilities bills in 15 mins which would take more than an hour to go to the post office to make payment in queue. Kee p a personal diary. Play games. Invent and create new games and programs. Discover interesting things, or see other countries. Learn. Grow. Interact. MORAL Computers today are one of the important things we are using. They have helped a lot in compiling a lot data which used to be in hard records. One of the uses or benefits of computers is that they are able to provide and retrieve information so quickly so they have increased the pace of our work. The increase in the speed of work has helped us to do many things with less resources like in past a lot of manpower was used for record keeping and files and other things were made to keep the records saved.   This is one use of computers in our lives other than that computers has helped us to work with machines which have the ability to produce the best quality of products with maximum speed and efficiency. In todays world it is necessary that to cater for such a heavy population things are made at the higher pace with best quality, so it is possible with the help of  computer  that we are able to cater for the need of quantity and quality of products required in daily life.   Computer is also helping us in education of children; it has enabled us to get the information form one part of the world to the other at a very rapid pace. So in summary computer today is in every walk of life, and is helping us a lot in developing at a fast pace Also most of use our computers to look up past events, and then there the other reason on how computers help our lives, by using computers we can check up on the weather, before we go to work or school. So by checking the weather we already know if its going to Rain or Snow. Or its could be sunny. then there contracting other family members, where many of us use our computers to text our family to see how theyre going, when member of you family is so far away living in a difference state or country Last but not least by using our computers to shop on the internet we can find the product we are looking for. Without going inside the retail store to look for it, only to find out its sold out. So by shopping on the internet it saves some a lot of trouble. From looking for something that is not there.

Seagrams Essay -- Business Management

Edgar Bronfman’s value system is in jeopardy of not being sustained due to his failure to fully transition from charismatic to instrumental leadership as evidenced by the employee questions following the values program training. Analysis Seagram’s is currently undergoing strategic, anticipatory changes in the company’s value system to competitively reposition the company to take advantage of future growth opportunities, diversify the company globally, effectively manage business processes, and increase profits. Bronfman has successfully guided the development and introduction of this new value system. However, Seagram’s is lacking the instrumental leadership necessary for this reorientation to be successful. Specifically, the questions raised by management at the end of the values training program suggest that the three critical elements of instrumental leadership – structuring, controlling, and rewarding – have not been fully addressed. Without these, the new value system will not be â€Å"reinforced and institutionalized† and may fall victim to becoming â€Å"another program of the month†. Bronfman has not structured a sufficient mechanism to ensure the value system is sustained over time. No processes are in place to handle the recommendations for action raised by participants in the training program. Good ideas are being generated, but will be wasted if there is no system to ensure they are heard and implemented. Failure to provide this process will hurt employee morale and...

Somnambulism - Sleep Walking :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Somnambulism - Sleep Walking One of the interesting sleep disorder is sleep walking. The medical, or more scientific, term for sleep walking is somnambulism. The characteristic symptoms are walking or exhibiting other activities while seemingly still asleep. (1) I became interested in researching this topic, because I sleep walk. I sleep walk only when I am under stress, which is not often. However, it is one of my primary concerns because I exhibit an extremely violent behavior. I began my research by looking for the relationship between somnambulism and the brain. I found that they are related, but the details are still under research. Then, I looked for the cause, however, since the detailed mechanism of the brain during sleep walking is not defined, a specific cause and effect was also not clearly defined. Thus, this paper will include the information that the researchers have obtained so far, the type of experiments that have been done, and the problems in obtaining more information about somnambulism. The term somnambulism comes from the Latin words for sleep (somnus) and walking (ambulus). A typical sleepwalking episode is rather short. Sleepwalkers may simply appear awake, or exhibit complicated activity such as driving a car, while asleep. (2) The researchers have been using a device called the Electroencephalogram (EEG) to understand sleep and sleep disorders. This device measures the electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the brain at various locations around the head. These waves are amplified and fed to a plotter, which plots the amplitude of the waves over time. This device identified four stages of sleep.(3) The first sleep state, before the four stages, is pre-sleep. The EEG reading of an active and awake person shows mainly beta waves, which are low-amplitude, high frequency waves. Beta waves are associated with conscious thought. As a person begins to fall asleep, the EEG reading becomes punctuated with alpha waves, which are regular waves of higher amplitude. Alpha waves are associated with a relaxed mind. The first stage of sleep shows similar beta waves as the first sleep state, except at a lower frequency. As time progresses within stage 1, there is a gradual lowering of frequency and simultaneous increase of amplitude. The second stage of sleep show two characteristic waves. K-complexes consist of a single large amplitude wave, and Sleep spindles are 1-2 second bursts of very high frequency irregular waves. The third stage shows infrequent intrusion of delta waves, which have high amplitude and a low frequency. Somnambulism - Sleep Walking :: Biology Essays Research Papers Somnambulism - Sleep Walking One of the interesting sleep disorder is sleep walking. The medical, or more scientific, term for sleep walking is somnambulism. The characteristic symptoms are walking or exhibiting other activities while seemingly still asleep. (1) I became interested in researching this topic, because I sleep walk. I sleep walk only when I am under stress, which is not often. However, it is one of my primary concerns because I exhibit an extremely violent behavior. I began my research by looking for the relationship between somnambulism and the brain. I found that they are related, but the details are still under research. Then, I looked for the cause, however, since the detailed mechanism of the brain during sleep walking is not defined, a specific cause and effect was also not clearly defined. Thus, this paper will include the information that the researchers have obtained so far, the type of experiments that have been done, and the problems in obtaining more information about somnambulism. The term somnambulism comes from the Latin words for sleep (somnus) and walking (ambulus). A typical sleepwalking episode is rather short. Sleepwalkers may simply appear awake, or exhibit complicated activity such as driving a car, while asleep. (2) The researchers have been using a device called the Electroencephalogram (EEG) to understand sleep and sleep disorders. This device measures the electromagnetic waves that are emitted from the brain at various locations around the head. These waves are amplified and fed to a plotter, which plots the amplitude of the waves over time. This device identified four stages of sleep.(3) The first sleep state, before the four stages, is pre-sleep. The EEG reading of an active and awake person shows mainly beta waves, which are low-amplitude, high frequency waves. Beta waves are associated with conscious thought. As a person begins to fall asleep, the EEG reading becomes punctuated with alpha waves, which are regular waves of higher amplitude. Alpha waves are associated with a relaxed mind. The first stage of sleep shows similar beta waves as the first sleep state, except at a lower frequency. As time progresses within stage 1, there is a gradual lowering of frequency and simultaneous increase of amplitude. The second stage of sleep show two characteristic waves. K-complexes consist of a single large amplitude wave, and Sleep spindles are 1-2 second bursts of very high frequency irregular waves. The third stage shows infrequent intrusion of delta waves, which have high amplitude and a low frequency.

Critique of Mary Worley’s Article: Fat and Happy

As obesity escalates towards becoming an epidemic in modern day America, pressures to stay fit have become overwhelming from media and doctors. Mary Ray Worley, a member of the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), believes that modern day society is completely intolerant of obesity so much as to say that they â€Å"would rather die or cut off a limb than be fat† (492). She has made it a priority to convince Americans to accept obesity which she fights for in her essay, Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance. She believes that people should not be ashamed of their bodies, or try to change them to fit in with the crowd. She discusses a new outlook on body image and believes that we all should create â€Å"a new relationship with our bodies, one that doesn't involve self-loathing† (496). In her essay, Worley compares twentieth-century society to a NAAFA convention she attended. Worley describes her home as a place where â€Å"you’re grateful if you can find clothes that you can actually get on, and forget finding clothes that actually fit you. † In Worley’s eyes American culture has always treated obese people as a lower class and pushed aside anything that was designed for a fat person. On the other hand, at the convention she finds a planet created specifically for overweight people. The convention opened her eyes to an entirely different planet that is free of inhibitions with nothing to be ashamed of. There she could find clothes that shaped to her body perfectly and she was entertained by belly dancers of all shapes and sizes that â€Å"were exquisitely beautiful and voluptuous† (493). She then goes on to discuss how society views fat people and how she believes health care professionals are prejudice towards them. Mary concludes by arguing that like her, all obese people can learn to love their bodies and â€Å"play and dance without self-consciousness† (496). Appearance seems as if it’s almost everything in today’s society, especially with women. Worley explains that society feels that losing weight is easy and that â€Å"it is acceptable to shun fat people and make them the butt of cruel jokes† (492). Without a question, it is not fair that overweight people go through their entire lives being criticized and taunted for their weight. Worley explains how rude comments discourage fat people from exercising because they are embarrassed and â€Å"they don’t have the support they need to continue† (494). It is the stares and snide remarks that give overweight people low self-esteem. Worley justly states that â€Å"you’re entitled to the space you take up† (496). No person should feel like they need to hide away from the world. Not all of Worley’s claims have valid points however. She stated that â€Å"health professionals are among the most prejudiced people around† (494). She is implying that the majority of health professionals are prejudice towards all of their overweight patients. Yet her reasoning was not supported and her claim was fueled solely by resentment. She also explains that overweight people do not like going to doctors or weight loss clinics for medical needs, because â€Å"the goal is usually to lose weight as quickly as possible, as though to snatch the poor fat soul out of the jaws of imminent death†(494), in contrary to focusing on just being healthy. This is true with some health professionals, but it should not hinder someone from finding an adequate physician or nutritionist Worley further excuses obesity by giving many reasons as to why obese people don’t try to lose weight. She excuses inactivity by the embarrassment of exercise; however, she does not address any other contributors to obesity such as diet. There is no excuse for eating unhealthy on a regular basis. It is alright to treat oneself once in a while, but junk food on a daily basis is not excused. Poor eating habits are not excused for overweight or thin people, because healthiness is not determined by how fat someone looks. Worley also states that â€Å"body size is primarily determined by one’s genetic makeup† (493). Although there is evidence to support that the overall size of one’s body is genetically determined, DNA however, does not force oneself to have an extreme excess of body fat. Worley may have discussed that exercise plays an important role in overall health and happiness, but she did not focus on the many other factors that lead to obesity and health issues. Worley is right to say that one’s happiness and healthiness should not be determined by weight. All people, fat or thin, should feel comfortable in their own bodies. No person has the right to tease or criticize someone else’s body to lower someone’s self esteem. On the other hand, people that are overweight cannot blame their health problems on other people. They need to take charge of their life by exercising, eating healthy and seeking good medical advice. It is not right to make hasty generalizations against health professionals, because there is a reason why doctors go through eight or more years of schooling. All current knowledge of obesity has been derived from physicians and scientists studying the anatomy and physiology of the body. Overall, one’s goal should not be to lose weight, but to be healthy and feel great. Living a healthy lifestyle will lead to higher feelings of self worth, which can overcome the psychological effects that fat jokes create. Worley encourages her readers to â€Å"be proud of yourself and never dread unwanted attention† (496), and that is possible. Not everyone may accept obesity, but it is the overweight people themselves that must learn to make good lifestyle choices and accept themselves in order to truly be fat and happy. Works Cited Worley, Mary Ray. â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance†. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 9th ed. New York: Pearson, 2005. Print.

Technology – a Boon or Bane

It would be ungrateful on our part not to recognize how immense the boons are which modern technology has given to mankind. Can we think of living without computers, mobile phones, electricity or modern methods of publishing? We all know the impact of technology in medical science & education system on us. There was a time when diseases such as malaria, influenza & TB were considered to be incurable. But now even some forms of Cancer are curable. All this would not have been possible if it were not for the progress made by medical science. The fact is technology has contributed to significant improvements in other areas like communication, travel, human living, global warming, nuclear stockpiles etc. The greatest technical inventions are those which have affected the larger mass of people. The Internet, mobile phone, automobile, rail travel, CT scan have made significant difference to people’s lives. Technology has made our life easy, comfortable, simple and luxurious. Technology is supporting human so much that now a person can work from his home. It has helped a lot in uniting people. In fact with the help of internet the world has just turned in to a global village. Yes, technology & scientific invention has its disadvantages also. A car is a wonderful gift of technology to mankind. But a reckless driver is capable of using it as a weapon of destruction. Television is a mean of instruction & entertaining people but it is often used as a channel false propaganda. Atomic energy provides a number of wonderful uses to mankind. But again, certain destructive minds plan to use atomic energy for destructive purpose. Television & Computer Technology makes one lazy and obese. We are unable to walk even for a short distance, because we became so used to taking out our car even for a short distance. But I feel that technology is more boon than bane. It’s up to us to decide whether we can survive without modern technology or continue to use it by paying a heavy price for it. When we say technology is dominating our life, in a sense we are allowing it to do so. As a human being we have a brain, to decide what’s wrong, what’s not, when to stop, and when to get off.

The American Indian Movement

The American Indian Movement existed more than 500 year ago without a name and was formalized as the American Indian Movement (AIM) on 1968, July 28th at Minnesota in Minneapolis. It grew from policy making movement to making programs and projects from its initial task as a movement that was meant to serve many Indian communities.Its success cannot be disputed and is attributed to the spiritual and elderly guidance in its operations. It was initially meant to renew the Indian religious practices and was further against the ruinous policies that existed in the America.It led protests that advocated for the indigenous American interests, implemented employment programs for the Native Americans in rural reserves and cities and advocated for cultural renewal in and outside America as well..Among those who co-founded it in 1968 included NeeGawNwayWeeDun, Herb Powless, Dennis Banks, Eddie Benton Banai, Leonard Peltier, Clyde Bellecourt, and Russell Means among others.The movement used tact ics that would publicize its needs; it further used the media and American press. It used forced seizure, peaceful sit- in and forceful takeovers. The AIM take-over and the occupations includes the:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1973, the wounded knee incident ( Pine ridge reservation)2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1973, the Custer county   courthouse3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1972, the bureau of Indian affairs that was located in Washington DC.The Pine Ridge incident of Wounded Knee was a widely assimilated idea because it demanded the reinstatement of about 300 treaties between the federal government and the Native American that had been broken.  This led to trials of several IAM members who were eventually acquitted. The AIM had held 11 hostages that resulted to a 71 days stand off between the federal agents and the Aim. The Wounded Knee, a tiny village was the site of the 1890 last great massacre of the Native Americans.The taking over of Indian affairs headquarters bureau in 1972 was supported by many Americans because the government had created a tribal council in 1934 that was against the development of the Native Americans.A gun battle between the FBI and the IAM members in 1975, July26th, which resulted to the killing of two FBI agents and Joseph Stuntz, this eventually led to conviction of one of the leader of AIM, Leonard Peltier, for the murder of the FBI agent.This conviction has been opposed by many human right activists in the world, a court of appeal judge, Gerald Heaney in his ruling said that though the Natives were guilty of the murder government had overreacted resulting to fatal shooting. This showed that the movement was a widely assimilated idea.The mid 1980s conflict in Nicaragua between the Sandinista government and the Miskito Indian where by these Indian opposed their relocation upon being supported by the AIM leads, more specifically Russell Means. This movement at that time was seen as a minority movement since even the white who supporte d it was against their opposition of relocation.AIM has been advocating for the for improved living conditions for the of the native Americans while founding institutions meant to serve their specific needs, some of these institutions include   Heart of the Earth School and American Indian Opportunities and Organizations among others.REFERENCESA Brief History of AIM, retrieved on 17th, October, 2007, available at www.aimovement.org/ggc/history.htmlAIM Grand Governing Council, retrieved on 17th, October, 2007, available at www.aimovement.org/ggc/index.htmlAmerican Indian Movement – AIM, retrieved on 17th, October, 2007, available at www.aimovement.org/Kenneth S. Stern (1994) Loud Hawk: The United States Versus the American Indian Movement, Net Library publishers, US

Contracts 1 Assignment Essay

Selwyn Selikowitz Group No: 3613 Advice has been sought as to whether or not Dr. Amber has an enforceable contract with Furniture Comfort, and whether she is entitled by law to buy the couch at the discounted price. In order to address the issue, one needs to start by examining each of the four essential elements for contract formation: agreement, consideration, certainty and an intention to create legal relations. The newspaper advertisement is not an offer but an invitation to treat. In Boots v Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, it was decided that ‘a contract is not completed until, the customer having indicated the articles which he needs, the shopkeeper, or someone on his behalf, accepts that offer. ’ The items on the shelf of the ‘self services’ shop were treated as offers to treat. This decision was due to the nature of the shop. It is not only inconvenient but also practically and legally unfeasible to be entered into a contract every time one picks up an item from the shelf. Advertisements are presumed to be invitations to treat due to similar reasoning. The exception to this presumption can be found in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball, where the advertisement was determined to be an offer as there was an express intention to pay money in the event of certain circumstances occurring. This exception doesn’t apply to the present case. The reasonable person would interpret phrases such as â€Å"25% off all selected floor items†, and â€Å"We beat all competitors† in Furniture Comfort’s advertisements as not indicating a offer to enter into a contract with all readers, but merely inviting them to make an offer. Thus the newspaper advertisement is an invitation to treat. . OFFER Dr Amber saw this ‘invitation to treat’ and responded by visiting Furniture Comfort. Being unhappy with the fabric on the model, she wished to buy a couch with a suitable fabric of her choosing. She made an offer to buy the couch as long as the fabric was one she chose and the couch was sold to her immediately upon her return. This conditional offer is made evident through her words â€Å"I assume the sale will still be on†, and â€Å"I’ll need it immediately after that. † Now under the main offer she gave an option, a condition to the purchase. An option contract is defined as ‘an agreement for consideration under which a party acquires a right exercisable before a specified time to buy or sell property at a given price from another party. ’[2] In Goldsbrough Mort & Co v Quinn, the grantor gave the option holder an option to purchase certain land at a specified price at any time within one week of the agreement in return for the sum of five shillings paid to the grantor. In the present case, the option was Dr Amber’s offer to buy the couch as long as the couch was reserved for her. 3. ACCEPTANCE In response to Dr. Amber’s offers, Maggie replied â€Å"We can do that if you prefer. Let’s go to my office. † Whether or not Maggie’s reply and consequent actions can be construed as an acceptance of the offers depends on whether it satisfies certain rules in contract law regarding acceptance. (a) The acceptance must be communicated In Felthouse v Bindley, it was determined that silence cannot be taken to indicate acceptance. [3] Although the acceptance may have been inferred by conduct of the nephew, his intention was not communicated to the uncle, and thus it was found that no acceptance had been made and no contract was formed. In this case Maggie explicitly responded to Dr. Amber’s offer with the words â€Å"We can do that if you prefer. † Thus the acceptance was communicated (b) The acceptance must be absolute and unqualified The acceptance must be complete, without changing any of the terms. Otherwise, instead of an acceptance it would be a counteroffer. In Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp this distinction was made clear, in the ‘battle of forms’ involved. ‘Acceptance’ based on changing of conditions of an offer of one party was deemed to be a counteroffer, not an acceptance. Maggie in this case has absolutely agreed to the conditions of Dr. Amber’s offer, reflected through her actions in allowing Amber to sign the special order information and also to leave with the fabric. (c) Acceptance must be in reliance of the offer In Crown v Clarke, Clarke was found to have not acted in the faith of or in reliance of the offer, but rather for his own intentions. Thus he was found to have no claim to a reward he had received under contract. In the present case, Maggie knew the specific details of the offer such as â€Å"reserve the couch now†, â€Å"take the samples† and â€Å"order the couch when I get back† Thus her acceptance was made in reliance of the offer and the option. d) Must be in compliance with the offeror’s offer Maggie complied with Dr. Amber’s offer by allowing her to leave with the samples, and placing a special order in the ‘fabric checkout binder. ’ There was therefore a legally recognisable acceptance on Maggie’s part. Maggie accepted Dr. Amberâ€⠄¢s option of keeping the couch reserved, as well as her offer of purchasing the couch

Case Study Of Tom Shareholder Of The ABC Ltd †Free Samples

In the given case study, Tom was a minor shareholder of the ABC Ltd. The directors of the company had sold the assets of the company to purchase an island resort in their own names. Therefore, the directors are said to be the controlling shareholders of the company and hence, they will have more rights on the property compared to a minority shareholder[1]. Tom was made aware of these activities at a general meeting and soon after he wanted to take an action against the directors of the company. As per the Company Law , the directors will be held liable if they take such actions by not disclosing it to the existing shareholders of the company. Being a minor shareholder, Tom can claim for his amount of shares that he had invested in the ABC Ltd. As per the guiding rules on Principle 2, individual directors has direct control and right over the company of ABC Ltd[2]. but it is also their responsibility to inform every shareholder of the company about the activities. Therefore, Tom can initiate an action against the directors. As seen in this case study, Flywell Ltd was the owner of an Australian airline. The Flywell Ltd. wished to persuade each investor to invest $10,000 with the company. The company had focused to raise the funds between $9 million and $11 million in new funds. Therefore, a company can raise its fund with the help of five primary methods that are generally used by the corporations[3]. It can issue bonds, put a sale on the common stock, can issue preferred stock, borrow from finance inventories and can put the profits on use. Proportional granting of ownership in the firm is given to the investors in exchange of money. Corporations raise money by this popular method. Therefore, the Flywell Ltd can fund raise the obligations by these primary methods under the Corporations Act. The Board of Directors of Flywell Ltd can purchase extra plains by raising the funds since the company does not have sufficient capital fund[4]. The advice, which the Flywell Ltd. should be given, is that it should u tilize the primary sources for raising the funds. Bà ®gioi, Adrian Doru, and Cristina Elena Dumitru. "The rights of shareholders–basic principle of corporate governance by means of case-specific jurisprudence."  Audit Financiar  14.136 (2016): 401-412. Kshetri, Nir. "Success of crowd-based online technology in fundraising: An institutional perspective."  Journal of International Management  21.2 (2015): 100-116. Matsusaka, John G., and Oguzhan Ozbas. "A theory of shareholder approval and proposal rights."  The Journal of Law , Economics, and Organization  33.2 (2017): 377-411. Womack, James P., and Daniel T. Jones.  Lean solutions: how companies and customers can create value and wealth together. Simon and Schuster, 2015.

Refer to assignment criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Refer to assignment criteria - Essay Example On one hand, the law stipulates that it is the duty of health care providers to give information to their patients when obtaining consent and also warn them of any possible risks that are likely to be encountered during the treatment or medical procedure. On the other hand, the quantity of information to disclose, and the truthfulness of that information is also a factor to consider as much as a health care provider is required to give out information to patients. The statement under scrutiny in this paper can be dissected in a myriad of ways. It is imperative to point out that in relation to the law in England and Wales, it is the duty of health care providers to care for their patients. This was clearly stated by the House of Lords by Lord Diplock in the Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital case of 1985. According to Lord Diplock, â€Å"A single comprehensive duty covering all the ways in which you are called on to exercise skill and judgment in the improvement of the physical and men tal condition of the patient.† (Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital 1985). The law in England and Wales also clearly stipulates that it is the duty of the health care provider, while caring for a patient, to clearly advice a patient and disclose all pertinent information that will permit the patient to come up with good decisions based on the nature of care being given (Hills v Potter 1983). However, the law is not quite clear on the distinction that should exist between therapeutic and non-therapeutic contexts. Most of the famous cases that are related to the topic in question reveal just how difficult it is for one to know just how much information to reveal to a patient. This difficulty arises from the fact that it is not very clear whether very inquisitive and curious patients should be told more than needs to be told. Another issue that causes this difficulty lies in the fact that the law is not comprehensible on whether the health care provider has the discretion to distort or withhold information. Lastly, the issue of therapeutic and non-therapeutic circumstances mentioned above also contributes to the difficulty in knowing just how much information to reveal to a patient. A review of the Hatcher v Black case of 1954 can explain this point further. In the case, the patient consented to partial thyroidectomy proposed by the doctor. The patient was not made aware of the slight risks that could have her voice permanently impaired. In fact, the facts of the case reveal that the patient was told that there were no risks at all. After the operation, her vocal cord became paralysed. In the summary given to the jury by Lord Denning, the pertinent question of what a doctor should tell a patient was very conspicuous. The doctor admitted that despite knowing the slight risk that existed, he told the patient before the procedure that there was no risk. The doctor was quick to add that he did this for the patient’s own good. The doctor did not want to have his patient worry because this would be detrimental to her overall wellbeing. In fact, the doctor said that the circumstances under which he did this were justifiable. The issue that arises here is that law does not say that the doctor was wrong in doing what he did under such circumstances. Several doctors were called as witnesses, and none of them felt that the doctor was wrong in what he did under the given circumstances. For these reasons, Lord Denning saw no reason to condemn the doctor (Hatcher v

Effective Technical Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effective Technical Communication - Essay Example The discipline in discussion is the business field with a focus on Nestle as the business organization. The importance of a code of ethics in this discipline is provision of guidance of how an organization will run internally and externally. An example of one of the ethics is compliance and respect of the laws. These are laws set by the government and the internal rules of the organization which will ensure the organization and its employees are safe from legal trouble such as lawsuits. The Nestle code of business conducts is detailed on the behavior of employees regarding several aspects of the business. There are specific descriptions and explanations of the repercussions accompanying failure to adhere to the code. Some of the mentioned repercussions include disciplinary action being taken such as suspension or even employment termination while others are as severe as having criminal charges being taken against the employee (Nestec Ltd 6). This is a reasonable course of action as the employees will be disciplined at all times and will follow the rules of the organization. The code is against employees conducting business deals based on bribery, corruption or even favors as opposed to just quality and competence. This is something employees find hard and especially those in the sales team. I have seen this in a few people not only on this organization but in other businesses as well. Most people need to be coached on some of these behaviors not because they do not know their importance but simply because their ignorance and negative influences from the society prevents them from fully complying and practicing them.

Maicro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maicro - Essay Example The interview was taken with the aid of an interview guide and it has been analyzed qualitatively. The decision taken by the person, who would be referred to as economist was a decision to merge his small printing business with a cyber cafe. There were two major factors that influenced the decision for a merger. In the first place, the economist had the realization that most people who use the internet cafe also patronize printing and other secretarial services such as scanning, photocopying, lamination and binding; all of which he offered in his firm. He therefore wanted to extend these services to the users of the internet cafe. To him, joining the internet cafe was a way to increase the number of services he offered. The other reason that influenced the decision was the fact that the economist realized that the size of his business was small and needed to expand. However, he wanted this to happen within a very short time. According to Joel (2011) â€Å"The main purpose of many me rgers is to produce a synergistic effect in a much shorter time than would be possible through a gradual growth, if it would otherwise be possible at all.† This is to say that the decision for merger ensures an outright growth of a company from a single state to a double state. This growth is sudden rather than gradual. What is more, merger was less cost involving compared to decision to start a new internet cafe from the scratch. Whiles deciding to merge his company, there were three prime expectations of the economist. In the first place, he had an expectation of reviving his company, which was declining in growth. According to him, this was partly because there had been the establishment of several printing businesses in the area where he operated from. The opening of the new printing firms caused serious competition. He explained that there became several options for customers and that though he continued to serve his customers well, some of the customers wanted to make go od use of the new businesses with reasons such as avoiding delays at his end because he had to serve many people when there were other firms that were empty. Again, he had a realization that most of the people who entered his firm came with an expectation to have internet service so that they could print from the internet. Such people who did not find the internet service in place went to other places where they could have both internet and printing services. It was therefore his expectation that with the merger, his firm would grow because all the people who came to his firm and left because there was no internet service would now do business with him. As a follow up to his first expectation, he felt that expanding his business would increase the number of customers he had. This was because he would have his regular customers and the customers of the internet cafe all on his side. Again, he would have an increase in the number of customers he served because the firm would now be in position to offer wide range of services. Naturally, by serving many customers at a time, he was sure his profit would increase. Lastly, the decision was taken in order to have a supporting partner to aid with the managerial and financial affairs of the company. According to the economist, his firm was a sole proprietorship company and that having access

Using Health Information Technology as a Source of Evidence-Based Research Paper

Using Health Information Technology as a Source of Evidence-Based Practice - Research Paper Example Among the various health care IT resources that can be applied in the process of alleviating the effects of the nursing workforce shortages are; tele-health, clinical decision support systems, care planning tools, data capture, decision support system, computerized provider order entry, bar code medication administration, and electronic health records (Clark 22). This paper seeks to explore the last three resources as evidence based resources to help address shortages in the nursing workforce. The electronic health record acts as an official record for persons shared by multiple agencies and institutions. Health information systems that are digitized should improve care quality, efficiency, and ultimately reduce the effects of shortages. The EHR includes family history, allergies, contact information, insurance information, and hospitalization records, among others. Its benefits include efficient retrieval of information, automatic sharing and updating of information where different organizations and offices are concerned, as well as lower effort redundancy (Clark 56). These benefits, as well as others, aid health institutions in reducing reduce the time needed, by nurses, in retrieving information manually, and thus, reducing their workload. Another healthcare IT resource that helps to combat this shortage is patient monitoring technology. As the current nursing workforce continues its transition to proactive models of delivery of healthcare, remote monitored solutions are expected to gain more ground. Information that nurses are provided with include health intelligence, international health research, market analysis, news and commentaries, and strategic insights (Clark 67). These are especially useful since the strained workforce that work for 12 hours has limited time to attain this information themselves. Patient monitoring services offer knowledge on ongoing